-
Phimosis
- Narrowing of the distal end of the foreskin (prepuce) covering the head of the penis
- Normal from birth until the age of 3
- May interfere with urination
- Circumcision to cure
-
Hypospadias / Epispadias
- Hypospadias: Urinary meatus is on the undersurface of the penis
- Epispadias: Urinary meatus is on the upper surface of the penis
- Do not circumcise
- Surgery between 6 - 18 months
- Catheter 7-14 days post, pain mgmt, family teaching
-
Exstrophy of the Bladder
- Bladder is opened & exposed
- Urine leaks & excoriates surrounding skin
- Surgery, antibiotics
- Position on back or side
-
Acute Urinary Tract Infection
Urethritis: Infection of the urethra - Cystitis: Infection of the bladder
Pyelonephlitis: Infection of the kidney & renal pelvis
- Caused by alkaline urine, vesicoureteral reflux (urine backs up into ureters)
- Frequent UTI - suspect sexual abuse
-
UTI S/S
- Abrupt & severe
- High fever
- Febrile seizures
- Pallor
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Frequent urination
- Foul smelling urine
- Flank pain
- Abdominal tenderness
-
UTI Treatments
- Sulfonamides
- Amipcillin/Rocefin
- Increase fluids
- I&O
- Skin care
- Cranberry juice
- No tubs
-
Nephrosis
- Unknown cause - lasts 18 months
- albuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, anasarca, high blood cholesterol, hematuria
- Boys 2-7
- Slow onset
- Edema, resp distress, irritable, anorexia, diarrhea, acites, low resistance to infection
- Steroids, I&O, daily weight, skin care, semi-fowlers, measure abdomen, no salt, increase protein
-
Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Allergic reaction to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (1-3 weeks post strep infection)
- glomerulus inflamed/blocked
- Boys 3-7
- Hematuria, edema, fever, HA, malaise, HTN, smoke colored urine. oliguria (restrict potassium)
- Anti-infectives
-
Wilm’s Tumor
- Grows within the renal capsule
- constipation, vomiting, abdominal distention, dyspnea, weight loss, pallor, anemia
- Do not palpate abdomen
- Nephrectomy, chemo/radiation
-
Cryptorchidism
- Undescended Testes
- Increased incidence of testicular cancer, testicular torsion & decreased fertility or sterility
- HCG or surgery
-
Hydrocele
Water/edema accumulates in the membrane that surrounds the testes (swells)
Treatment involves aspirating fluid out of the sac & part of the sac is removed
-
Enuresis
- Involuntary urination beyond when control of urination is acquired
- psychological or physical
- physical work up to rule out physical cause
-
Macule
- A discolored spot that is even with the skins surface
- Example: Freckles
-
Papule
- A circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin
- Examples: Elevated mole, warts
-
Vesicle
- A small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid
- Example: Cold sore
-
Pustule
- A small, circumscribed elevation of the skin containing purulent matter
- Example: Infected pimple
-
Crust
- Blood, pus or serum that has dried on the surface of the skin after the injury
- Examples: Scab,eczema
-
Wheal
- A circumscribed, slightly reddened papule or irregular plaque of edema of the skin, usually accompanied by intense itching
- Examples: Insect bites, hives
-
Ecchymosis
Purplish patch caused by extravasation (leaking) of blood into the skin; like petechiae but >3 mm diameter
-
-
Telangiectasia
-
Port Wine Stain
- Nevus Flammeus
- dilated dermal capillaries
- deep purple to pink flat & clearly demarcated lesions
- darkens with age
- laser therapy to treat
-
Hemangioma
Strawberry Mark
Caused by an overgrowth of capillaries
-
Prickly Heat
Miliaria
Caused by excess body heat & moisture
Pruritis, irritable - hot weather, hot room, overdressed
- Parent teaching, expose to air
-
Cradle Cap
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Accumulation of secretions from oil glands & cellular debris
Thick, yellow, oily, adherent & crustlike scales form on the scalp & forehead - Caused by insufficient hygiene
- Shampoo, baby oil
-
Diaper Rash
- Caused by prolonged exposure to urine, feces, detergents, chemicals, food changes
- Red skin, scales, blisters, ulcerations
- Change diapers often, no fabric softeners, loose diapers, air out
-
Infantile Eczema
- Inflammation of the skin
- Common up until the age of 2 years
- Heredity, allergic reactions
- Cheecks --> arms, legs, trunk
- red papules, vesicles
- pruritis
- Can become infected
- ID allergen, oatmeal baths, no vaccines, steroids, antihistimines
-
Staph Infections
- umbilicus & circumcision site
- pustules
- Contact isolation, antibiotics, handwashing
-
Impetigo
- Superficial skin infection, usually caused by staphylococci in the newborn & by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in the older child
- Easily spread
Red papules, vesicles, pustules surrounded by a reddened area (nose/mouth) Vesicles break & area weeps
Contact isolation, antibiotics, cleanse lesions 4 times a day, topical antibiotics, prevent scratching
-
Tinea
- Ringworm
- capitus: scalp
- corpitus: body
- pedis: feet
- cruris: groin
- antifungals, avoid sun
-
Pediculosis
- Lice
- capitus: head
- corporis: body
- pubis: pubic
- pruritis, nits
- RID, NIX, Kwell, fine tooth comb, treat family
-
Scabies
-
Burns
- Thermal: Fire, scalding
- Chemical: Corrosive substance
- Electrical: Electricity
- Radiation: Exposure to radiation, the most common type being sunburn
- Airway, hypovolemic shock
- IV fluids
|
|