History Final

1368-1644

porcelain, silk, tributary system, bureaucracy and examination system, imperial court, formally institutionalized though was long ago present

1276-1368

1644-1912

famine, plague, demographic disruption, mishandling of political affairs by last Yuan rulers "loss of mandate of heaven" which gave rise to serious uprisings in southern China, religious overtones (red Turbans)

a Buddhist monk of peasant origins who rose b/c of his superbly intelligent and effective military conquest, took over Nanjing in 1356, defeated other rebel armies and declared himself emperor 1368 (15 years of anarchy and civil war)

emperor during Ming dynasty, taking advantage of China's greater military strength to destroy threats to national security and took over weaker neighbors, and demonstrated Chinese power in far away lands through Zenghe's voyages

big attempt/big endeavour, whose righteousness is ultimately only able to be judged after the event

concerning the legitimacy predicated on the conduct of the ruler in question. heaven would bless the just ruler. The fact that ruler is being overthrown means he lost the Mandate of Heaven

• emperor and subject
• father and son
• older sibling to younger
• husband and wife
• friend to friend.

280-233 BC, heavily influenced by Qin Shi Huangdi, his school became known as Legalism.

6th century BC, author of Daodejing (teacher of the Dai, the way). Proponent of Wuwei, a spiritually inspired sense of "doing nothing"; reliant on everyone being in a heightened meditative state, seeking common good and not acting out of negative self interest.

• Eurasian trade revived strongly in the 1400's after collapsing in the wake of the Black Death during the 1300s
• maritime trade in indian ocean rebounded
• europeans remained minor players in trade system, b/c they had little to offer in terms of good and geographically isolated
• portuguese (explored African coast and made way to India via the souther tip of Africa), and Spanish kingdom attempted to reach Asia in other ways (Columbus trying to go way of atlantic ocean)

• 1467 and they wre between the armies and allies of two clans (Hosakawa and Yamana)
• -fighting takes place around Kyoto and then spreads to other provinces

ended with the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, which had come about through the successes of the three warlords: oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Layasu

the lord for whom the samurai fight, local or regional military commanders and administrators

the chief daimyo; the military leader, above the shogun is the emperor

1534-1582 helped with the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate

1536/1537-1598

1543-1616

most successful leader of military coalitions became shogun, set up a bakufu (military regime or shogunate)

the lower topples the upper (civil war era 1467-1568)

• hereditary monarch/emperor
• powerful local lords
• religious institutions
• serf/peasant villages

• samurai
• farmers/peasants
• artisans
• merchants

• Hinin: those involved in entertainment industries
• ronin: lordless samurai
• eta: outcastes

Buddhist temple: places of solace and retirement for samurai and courtesans; movement from devout believer not harming anything to ordained warrior to outlaws.

• vision to bring all of Japan under a single sword
• military conquest through alliances and superior technology (muskets)
• main foe was militant buddist communities, and he had no respect for traditional religion
• -legitimacy was solely based on military power

• Military conquest westeward to Kyushu (later eastward then invaded Korea (1590's)
• effective administrator
• resourceful in his use of pageantry, substantiating a sense of peace

Yi sun-shin