The flashcards below were created by user
Shandon
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Nixon Presidency: Turbulent Times
What marked the divisions and conflict in America in 1966-1973?
What were the major issues?
- Urban Riots
- College protests, political activism, radicalism
- issues:
- End Vietnam War, ROTC, and Military Recruiters
- students want ethnic and Women's Studies Programs
-
Radical Student Organizations "The New Left"
SDS (Students for Democratic Society) offshoot of that was Weathermen, Weatherman Underground
-
What Big Event showed America how divided it was?
Shootings at Kent State, May 4 1970
-
What event was surprisingly peaceful despite the millions who came to it?
- Woodstock Aug 15-17
- it impacted the music, styles and sexual behavior of the sixties
-
The Women's Movement: 3 major breakthroughs/events and name of the movements
- NOW, 1966
- ERA title IX
- Roe v. Wade: gave women a "constitutional right to privacy" and invalidated all laws prohibiting abortion during the first trimester
-
What were some ideas and elements of the counterculture?
- Reject middle class norms:
- attitudes on Sex, drugs, lifestyles, materialism
-
Latino Activism: leaders and groups
- Cesar Chavez: Latino Farmer launched a strike against growers to demand increased wages and benefits
- Brown Berets
- La Unida Raza- wanted an autonomous Mexican-American state within a state
-
Native Americans
- AIM (American Indian Movement)
- NCAI (National Congress of American Indians
- Wounded Knee South Dakota 1973
-
Gay and Lesbian Activism
- Stonewall Riot June 27, 1969
- police raided gay bar arresting homosexuals
- homosexuals reacted with violence
-
Environmental Movement
Earth Day April 22 1970
-
Election of 1968: Nixon's themes
- Law and Order; Peace with Honor
- Nixon wins with 43.4% popular vote
-
Nixon's Domestic Policies:
not a true conservative: "big government republican"
-
New Agencies and Laws under Nixon:
- Wage and price controls:
- EPA 1970 and OSHA 1972
-
Foreign Policy under Nixon: Vietnamization
- U.S. to gradually withdraw and turn fighting over to South Vietnamese
- 1873 Ceasefire Agreement and full American Withdrawal
- South Vietnam falls to communists 1975
-
Nixon's New Approach for American Global strategy:
- Stabilize relations between superpowers
- Detente: easing tensions between us and russia
- Multipolarism: Nixon rejected the idea that the US and Soviet were the only two great powers of the World: Nixon sought a healthy balance of power with the countries of Japan, China, Western Europe
-
Nixon's policy towards China:
- opening diplomatic relations with China: recognized China as a major world power
- Nixon visits China in Feb of 1972
-
Nixon's Policies toward USSR:
- reduced tensions
- nixon visits in May 1972
- Arms limitations treaty is made: froze nuclear weapons of both sides, US and USSR at present levels
-
1972 Election, Who was involved? Who won? By How Much?
- Nixon vs Dem. George McGovern
- result: Nixon Landslide
- 61% vs 38% popular vote
- 520-17 electoral college votes
-
What led to Nixon's downfall?
Watergate Scandal: break in at dem party hq June 17 1972: spy on dems, learn their ideas, stay ahead in the election
-
Which two reporters helped keep the watergate scandal alive? What is their secret source of information known as?
- Bernstein and Woodward
- they brought allegations that Nixon was involved in a cover up by the white House
- Deep Throat
-
What was the outcome of the trial? what was the "smoking gun" that caused Nixon to resign on August 8, 1974?
- Nixon denies involvement in coverup
- John Dean- ex-White House Counsel says he is involved in a coverup
- investigation reveals white house system for taping conversations
- Smoking Gun: Supreme Court orders release of 64 tapes and tapes reveal Nixon's involvement in coverup
-
What is Nixon Charged with?
- Obstruction of justice by a conspiracy to block criminal investigation
- Threats to Democratic Process by wiretapping Dem part HQ
- Political "dirty tricks" squad
- Ugly stuff: white house enemies list, VP Agnew resigns in disgrace
-
Name of VP Nixon appointed?
Gerald Ford
-
What else did white house tapes reveal about Nixon
he was a potty mouth president
-
What was the legacy of the Watergate scandal?
Public Distrust of Government
-
Economic problems in Ford Presidency after 1973
- OPEC increases oil prices 400% 1973-1975
- Sudden Gas shortage and surge in gas prices 57% and Price inflation
- US manufacturing declines
- Foreign competition rises
- Rising inflation and slow economy = stagflation
-
Election of 1976: who was involved? Who won?
- Gerald Ford vs Jimmy Carter
- Carter Wins
-
Views of Carter's presidency : 1977-1981
What were his foreign policy intiatives?
- Treaty: Israel and Egypt 1978
- Conflict with USSR in Afghanistan 1980
-
What continuing economic problems did Carter have to deal with?
- 1980:
- High Inflation 13%
- High Interest Rates 20%
- Rising Unemployment: 7.4%
-
What was the foreign policy disaster that occurred under Carter's leadership?
- Hostages taken in Iran
- 53 hostages detained and carter's efforts to release them failed
- Crisis lasts 444 days
-
Election of 1980: Who was involved? Who Won? By how much?
- Reagan V. Carter
- Major victory for Reagan!
- 51-41% popular vote and 44 out of 50 states!
- Republican Majority in the senate
-
How did Reagan bring conservatism into the mainstream?
- 1980 Reagan's promises
- Restore Nation's prestige, strengthen defense
- Reduce Federal Government, Cut regulation
- Fix economy and cut taxes
-
Reagan's Background?
- Hollywood actor
- California governor 1966-1970
-
What were Reagan's political beliefs about the role of government?
Government is the problem
-
what was Reagan's foreign policy?
- strengthen the US military and increase defense budget
- SDI (Star Wars) 1983
- End to Detente
-
What was the SDI and what was Detente?
-
Reagan Doctrine: Interventions and confrontations with
communism?
- Oppose communist expansion
- Grenada, El Salvador, Nicaraugua, Libya
-
Who coined the term "Evil Empire" to describe Soviet Union?
Reagan
-
Reagan's Domestic Policies:
- Deregulation, privatization
- cut/ eliminate wasteful programs
-
Reagan's Economic Policies aka "Reaganomics"
- supply side economics
- investors and employers drive economic growth
- Tax cut= prosperity and a balanced federal budget
- trickle down approach: investor's money creates more jobs and wages
-
What were some of Reagan's Legislative Successes?
- tax cuts
- defense build-up
- spending cuts in social programs and regulatory agencies
-
Was Reagan successful at first?
- No, there was a continuing recession from 1981-1983
- approval rating went down to 35% 1983
-
Reagan's positive turnaround:
Economy grows, unemployment drop, stock market rises
-
1984 Election: who was involved? Who won? By how much?
- Reagan v.s. Mondale
- Reagan blows Mondale out of the water
- 59%-41% elec college votes
- 525-13 elec. college votes!!
-
Pro-Reagan View
- 93 Months of growth
- unemployment from 11%-6%
- inflation from 13%-4 or 5%
- interest rates from 20%-6%
-
What were the key factors which gave Reagan so much success creating economic prosperity and caused him to become so popular?
- stable oil prices
- lower interest rates by federal reserve bank
- Cold war victory 1989-1991 and Soviet Union disintegrates in 1990-1991
-
Anti-Reagan View
- Indifference to poverty or civil rights issues
- Tax cuts favored the wealthy
- rich got richer and poor got poorer
- Reagan economic boom only lasted from 1983-1990 and after that:
- federal debt tripled 1980-1990
-
Impact of Reagan Budgets on the federal debt:
1985: 1.8 trillion-3.2 trillion
-
Anti-Reagan views on foreign policy:
- No great cold war victory: USSR was falling already
- Defense buildup and tax cuts caused budget deficits
-
third view of reagan program
more continuity than revolution
-
Reagan legacy
- reagan remains a conservative icon
- Conservatism becomes mainstream: strong defense, low taxes, limited government
-
Election of 1988: Who was involved, who won, how much?
- George H. W. Bush v.s. Governor Dukakis
- Bush wins
- 53.7% -45.65% elct. college votes
- 426- 111 elct. college votes
- serves a one-term presidency
-
What promise did H.W. Bush make that he was unable to keep and received a lot of criticism because of it?
Bush promised to follow reagan's policies of "No new taxes"
-
Bush's focus on Foreign Policy:
Dec 1989 Operation, Just cause, Panama
-
What huge event occurred in 1989?
Fall of communism in eastern Europe
-
What were Gorbachev's reforms in the USSR?
Glasnost:
Perestroika:
and what is the result?
- more freedom of expression
- free market reforms in economy
- communist governments are overthrown
- Soviet Union disintegrates on Dec 25, 1991
-
Persian Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait
U.S. response
Deadline for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait:
- August 2, 1990
- Operation Desert Shield: UN approves use of force against Iraq and Intl. coalition is formed
- December 15, 1991
- Congress approves military action Jan 12, 1991 known as Operation Desert Storm
-
Operation Desert Storm Jan 16 1991
Outcome:
- 6 weeks of air attacks were very effective
- High-tech weapons=low casualties and quick victory for US
- Kuwait is liberated; Saddam stays in power
- Bush's popularity soars to 91%
-
What domestic issues hurt Bush as he prepared for the new election?
- Recession: 1990-1991
- Rising unemployment: 7.8% 1991
- Growing Federal Deficit: $294 bil in 1992
-
What violent event showed how things were out of control under George H. W. Bush's presidency?
- LA violence
- 54 killed
- April 29- May 1 1992
-
The Election of 1992 who was involved, who won, by how much?
- George Bush
- Ross Perot
- Bill Clinton
- Clinton won with 370 elct. college votes 43% of popular vote
|
|