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What is the peritoneum?
A thin, transparent memberane that consists of two layers. (parietal and visceral)
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What lines the abdominal wall?
Parietal peritoneum
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what lines the visceral organs?
Visceral peritoneum
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What is in the space b/w the visceral and parietal peritoneum?
serous fluid; to reduce friction
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Are all organs covered by peritoneum?
No
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List 2 specialized parts of the peritonuem
Mesentary and omentum
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What is Mesentary? What does it provide a means for? List an Example of mesentery. What is contained within the fibrous tissue of the mesentary?
A double layer of peritoneum that encloses the abdominal organs; provides a means for nuermusclar communication and organ attachment to posterior abdominal wall; small intestine; blood and lymph vessels, nerves, lymph nodes and adipose tissue.
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what is the ommentum? What does it consist of?
A double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to the body wall or other abdominal organs; A greater omentum and lesser ommentum.
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A fat laden fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach with the transverse colon is?
the greater omentum
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What connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum to the liver?
the lesser omentum
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Where is the abdominal cavity located?
What does it contain?
- Superior to the pevlic intlet and limited superiorly by the thoracic diaphragm.
- It contains the peritoneum and viscera.
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What is the esophagus? function? How does it enter the abdominal cavity? what type of action creates rapid food movement from the oral cavity to the stomach?
- Muscular tube that extend from the pharyx to the stomach (25cm);
- transfers food from oral cavity to the stomach;
- through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm;
- peristaltic action
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What is the expandable part of the digestive tract that lies b/w the esophagus and the small intesine?
function?
How much can it hold?
- stomach;
- enzymagtic digestion of food for conversion to chyme;
- 2-3 liters.
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Name the 4 parts of the stomach
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what part of the stomach connects it to the esophagus?
Cardia
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what controls the discharge of the stomach contents into the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
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What is the function of the small intestine? List the 3 parts
- to continue with food digestion;
- duodenum;
- jejunum;
- ileum
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What is the first and shortest part of small intestine? What shape is it? Name the 4 parts;What ducts enter it?
- Duodenum;
- C- Shaped
- Superior, Descending, Horizontal and Ascending
- Bile and pancreatic ducts
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How is the jejunum different from the ileum?
The jejunum is redder, thicker and has greater vascularity than the ileum.
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What is the largest lymphatic organ? What quadrant is it located in? Function? Does removal impair immune response?
- Sleen; Left upper abdominal quadrant;
- function is to eliminate damaged cells from circulation, filter antigens and contribute the immune response.
- No.
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What organ lies postior to the stomach? List 2 functions; what are the four parts of this organ?
- Pancreas;
- Secreate gastric juices into the duodenum via the pancreat ducts. Also acts as an endocrine gland to supply body with insulin and glucagon from the islet of langerhans.
- Head, neck, body and tail
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What is the largest gland in the body? Where is it located? What is the function?
- The liver; right upper quadrant;
- involved in metabolic activites, secretion of bile and storage of glycogen. Also processes the products of digestion.
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list the 3 parts of the portal triad and explain each part
- bile duct-formed by the common hepatic duct and cystic duct
- Hepatic artery- arises from the aorta and delivers oxygenated blood to the liver
- Portal vei-arises from the mesentaric and splenic veins and empties into the liver. Carries nutrient rich blood.
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What purpose does the gall bladder serve? When does it realease its contents?
- bile storage and concentration of bile;
- when fat enters the duodenum. It goes from the cystic duct to the bile duct
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what is the first part of the large intestine? what does it look like?
the cecum; it looks like a blind intestinal pouch
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what connects the ilium with the cecum?
the ileocecal valve
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what is connected to the cecum? Desribe it?
a verimform appendix; it is a blind diverticulum. The funtion is not well understood.
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List four parts of the colon? what is the funtion of the colon?
- Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon;
- The function of the colon is to remove fluid from the fecal matter.
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what is a continuation of the colon? How does it control defecation?
The rectum and anal canal. It has sphincters.
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What lies on the posterior abdominal wall?
Function?
- Kidneys;
- removes excess water, wastes and salts of protein metabolism from the blood. Returns nutrients and chemicals back to the blood.
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What conveys waste products from the kidneys to the bladder? How do they run?
- ureters;
- They run inferior to the kidneys over the common illiac arteries to the bladder.
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What is located on the superior aspect of the kidneys? Function?
- adrenal glands.
- produces hormones and steroid production for the body
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Name 3 things that the pelvic cavity contains.
Bladder, female and male reproductive organs
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What is the name of the muscular tube that conveys urine from the bladder?
Urethra
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What do ovaries produce?
oocytes or ova and estrogen
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what conveys the ovum from the ovary to the uterus?
uterine or fallopian tubes
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Name a thick walled, pair shaped, and muscular organ.
uterus
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what is the cervix?
Neck region of the uterus
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Name the musculomembranous tube that extends from the cervix.
Vagina.
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What do testis produce? Where are they found?
spermatozoa and testostorone.
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what lies between the bladder and rectum? function?
seminal vessicle. Secrete akaline fluid that mixes with sperm.
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What is the ejaculatory duct?
tube that arises form the union of the seminal vessical and ductus deferens to connect to the urethra.
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What is a prostate gland?
an accessory gland that secretes to form part of the seminal fluid.
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