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What is the difference between sex and gender?
The physical and biological difference v. the attributes we have given that gender from socialization
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What is patriarchy?
Man controlled household
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How do functionalists perceive gender inequality?
It's helpful when separate sexes have separate roles
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What are the two gender roles in functionalism?
- Instrumental - father
- Expressive - mother
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Who were the functionalists that researched gender inequality?
Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales
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What was the conflict theory perspective on gender inequality?
They linked modern gender inequality to economic system and capitalism.
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Who was the conflict theorist that researched gender inequality?
Friedrich Engles
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What did both functionalism and conflict theory agree on in gender inequality?
Gender inequality stems from social roles
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What do people learn from gender role socialization?
- Values
- Attitudes
- Motivations
- Behaviors
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What is common in childhood gender socialization?
- Parents treat each differently
- Parents respond/train children based on perception of how they think they should be.
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What is common in adolescent gender socialization?
- Establishment of social identity
- Social role training where females are supposed to find a mate, males are supposed to find a job
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What are the 3 primary discrimination against women?
- 1) During hiring process
- 2) Through unequal wage policies
- 3) In the awarding of promotions
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What is a family?
A social group with common residence, economic corporation, and reproduction
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What were the traditional family necessities?
- adults of both sexes
- socially approved sexual relations
- one or more child
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Who first defined a family? When?
Murdoch 1949
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What are the 6 social functions of a family?
- Regulating social behavior
- Patterning reproduction
- Organizing production/consumption
- Socializing children
- Providing care & protection
- Providing social status
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What are the 3 basic family structures?
- Nuclear - mom, dad, 2.5 children...
- Polygamous - multiple marriages
- Extended - mom, dad, children, grandparents...
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Which family structure is found in every society?
Nuclear
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What is a polyandrous family?
A family with more than one husband
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What is a polygynous family?
A family with more than one wife
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What are the 3 generational relationships?
- Patriarchal - trace through father
- Matriarchal - trace through mother
- Bilateral - trace through both
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What makes marriage different from, say, friendship?
- recognized
- legitimized
- supported
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How is romantic love as a reason for family?
ideal, but not main reason for marraige
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What are the 4 marriage rules?
- Endogamy/Exogamy
- Monogamy/Polygamy
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What is endogamy?
Where marriage is allowed only outside of a social group
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What is exogamy?
Where marriage is allowed only outside of a social group
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What is monogamy?
Marriage with only one spouse
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What are the 4 types of marital residence?
- Patrilocal - where dad lives
- Matrilocal - where mom lives
- Bilocal - where mutual decision
- Neolocal - doesn't matter
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What is homogamy?
Marriage between two people similar in some aspect
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What are the 4 main variables in homogamy?
- Age
- Race
- Religion
- Social Status
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What was the impact of Industrialization on the nuclear family?
- Isolated nuclear family
- Weak ties to extended family
- Increased movement between classes
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What were the 6 ways traditional family declined?
- Postponement of marriage
- Single-parent homes
- Declining marriage rate
- Childless marriage
- Household size decline
- Impact of divorce
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What were the social processes of divorce?
- Changing laws
- Child custody
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What makes current family diverse?
- Growing single population
- Single-parent households
- Gay and lesbian couples
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What is a sick role?
A shared set of cultural norms that legitimates deviant behavior caused by an illness
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What is the purpose of education?
to equalize society
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What is the 6 functionalist perspectives of education?
- Socialization
- Cultural Transmission
- Academic Skills
- Innovation
- Child Care
- Postpone Job Hunting
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What is the conflict theory perspective on education?
Social control with hidden curriculum: Prepare to accept adult life and educate social, political, and economic statuses
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What are the 7 problems with the American education?
- Unequal access to education
- ESOL
- HS Dropouts
- Violence in Schools
- Homeschooling
- Standardized Testing
- Gender Bias
- The Gifted
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