Gender and Personality

physical attributes (height, weight, strength) and sexuality.

• agreeableness (sympathy)
• extraversion (assertiveness)
• sexuality
• nonverbal behavior
• agreessivness
• risk taking
• occupational preferences
• mental disorders
• leadership styles

intelligence

• spatial visualization (finding hidden figures in a picture)
• and
• spatial perception of vertical and horizontal and mental rotation.

Neuroticism (women avg. higher N)

Openness

C, E, A

tender-mindedness

assertiveness

they are more similar than different.

Unprovoked agression: men are more physically agressive than women but only slightly more verbally aggressive.

Provoked agression: no gender differences.

Men are overall more risky and implusive but women are not far behind. The differnces come from the type of risk and depends on age.

The research shows that women report being more empathic and sensitive.

However men and women both feel empathy but men may be less likely to show nonmasculine behaviors when they know they are being monitoired.

There are no gender differences between women and mens physiological experience of emotion however women report more emotions.

But gender role expectations of appropriate emotions contribute to the differences.

Women self report feeling more anxious. However there is no real clear gender difference in emtions of men and women in the current literature.

Men and women don't differ in the amount of helping but in the way of helping. Women are more caregivers whereas men are more like heros or rescuers. Women are more likely to help someone they are close with whereas men are more likely to help strangers.

When the topic is more feminine men are more likely to change their attitudes.

When the topic is more masculine, women are more likely to changes their attitudes.

There is no gender differences when the topic is gender-neutral.

Men typically show higher self-esteem but this varies with age. The gender differences only come up with whites and not with blacks.

It has also been found that women may underplay there esteem and confidence to be modest or out of concern for other peoples feelings.

overestimating

underestimating

gender differences become translated into value judgement of females as inferior to males.

• 1. Evolution: the different task of men (hunting) and women (children) produces differences.
• 2. Social context:
• 3. Social role theory
• 4. Social contruction
• 5. Biopsychosocail model