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PHRD5015 Lecture 23 - Anti-Tumor Defenses

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  1. what was destruction of tumors by the immune system when tumors were transplanted due to?
    allograft rejection (NOT immune surveillance)
  2. percentage of TCR able to bind to a foreign MHC class I molecule with high affinity (to activate) no matter what antigen is loaded
    0.1-1%
  3. what nude mice lack
    functional thymus (also means no T cells)
  4. cancer rate in nude mice compared to other mice
    no increase in susceptibility to cancer
  5. what nude mouse cancer rates suggest
    NK cells play a very important part in tumor killing
  6. 2 events leading to the generation of large numbers of immunosuppressed individuals
    • 1) organ transplants
    • 2) HIV infection
  7. increases virally transmitted cancer risk
    immune suppression
  8. cancer survival correlation to high CD4 T-cell infiltration
    low survival
  9. cancer survival correlation to high CD8 T-cell infiltration
    high survival
  10. endogenous antigens are presented by ____
    MHC class I
  11. CD8 T-cells cannot kill without...
    licensing permission from CD4 T-cells
  12. only thing CD4 T-cell can react to
    antigen that comes from a phagocytosis event (necrotic/apoptotic tumor cells)
  13. how CTL kill (2)
    • 1) deliver granzymes to target cell
    • 2) activate Fas (death R -> induces caspase cascade)
  14. how granzymes are delivered
    through pores made by perforin
  15. where NK cells derive from
    lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow
  16. T/F: NK cell receptors undergo recombination like B cells and T cells.
    false
  17. immune system NK cells are part of
    innate
  18. 2 NK cell targets
    • 1) cells not expressing MHC class I
    • 2) cells undergoing dangerous levels of stress
  19. absence of inhibitory signal
    "missing-self"
  20. targeting self cells expressing large amounts of stress proteins
    "induced self"
  21. family of receptors that primarily recognize different HLA alleles
    KIR (Killer Ig-like Receptors)
  22. what expresses KIR
    NK cells
  23. types of KIR that bind HLA alleles
    inhibitory receptors
  24. NK receptor ligands
    representative PAMPS/DAMPS upregulated by cells undergoing stress response
  25. M2-like macrophages that secrete IL-10 & downregulate the immune response
    TAM (tumor-associated macrophages)
  26. M1-like macrophages that secrete cytokines to attract/activate CD8 T-cells & NK cells
    inflammatory macrophages
  27. presence of these T cells in the tumor correlate with a poor prognosis
    CD4/CD25+ T cells (enriched for regulatory T-cell phenotype)
Author
daynuhmay
ID
250665
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PHRD5015 Lecture 23 - Anti-Tumor Defenses
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Anti-Tumor Defenses
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