Chapter 6 Urinary System

the act of releasing urine

functions to filter the blood and eliminate waste through the passage of urine

the work of the urinary system is done by a specialized tissue in the kidneys called

thin, muscular tubes that move urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the bladder

the tube that conducts the urine out of the bladder

the opening of the urethra

the triangular area in the bladder between the ureters' entrance and the urethral outlet

each of the two kidneys is located high in the abdominal cavity, tucked under the ribs in the back and behind the lining of the abdominal cavity

the tough outer covering of the kidney

the outer portion of the kidney

the inner portion of the kindey

an extension of the ureter inside the kidney

location of the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters

transports unfiltered blood to the kidneys

four parts of the nephron

condition of no urine

condition of painful urination

commonly known as "bed-wetting", can be nocturnal or diurnal

excessive urea in blood due to kidney failure caused by disease outside of the kidney (e.g. CHF)

condition of urine leaking outside of the bladder and into surrounding tissues

blood in urine

inability to hold urine

condition of excessive urination at night

condition of scanty urination

condition of excessive urination

inability to release urine

bladder spasms

Htn, hematuria, and proteinuria resulting from damage to the glomeruli

abnormal group of signs in the kindey, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema

dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from obstruction of the flow of urine

pyogenic infection of the kidneys

abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter

inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes

sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic injury to the kidney, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, or lower urinary tract obstruction

measured in stages of increasing severity from 1 (mild damage with a normal glomerular filtration rate) to 5 (complete kidney failure requiring either dialysis or a renal transplant)

stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder

stone in the kidney

stone in the ureter

stone in the urinary bladder

stone in the urethra

diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in the renal tubules causing them to be unresponsive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

disease of the kindey; a general term that does not specify a disorder

prolapse or sagging of the kidney

inflammation of the urinary bladder

a painful inflammation of the wall of the bladder. symptoms include urinary frequency and urgency

inflammation of the bladder between the inlet of the ureters and the outlet of the urethra

narrowing of the urethra

inflammation of the urethra

infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also by parasites, yeast, and protozoa. most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system

small, slow-growing, glandular noncencerous tumors of the kidney, usually found at autopsy

the most common benign solid renal tumor

also referred to as bladder papilloma. although benign when found, recurrences are occasionally malignant

these tumors develop from kidney cells that did not develop fully before a child's . occur mainly in children

one of the most common cancers. also referred to as hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney

these malignant tumors account for approx 90% of all bladder cancers and arise from the cells lining the bladder

cutting out part or all of the urinary bladder

incision to cut a stone out of the  urinary bladder

visual examination of the urinary bladder

process of crushing stones either to prevent or clear an obstruction in the urinary system

incision of the urinary meatus to widen the opening

resection of the kidney

incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone

suspension or fixation of the kidney

opening made in the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted

incision of the kidney

process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate, including poisons, drugs, urea, uric acid, and creatinine

type or renal dialysis in which an indwelling catheter in the abdomen permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the blood

type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration and then returning it to the patient's circulation

surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient

destruction of adhesions of the urethra

blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system; an increased level is an indicator of kidney dystunction

test of kidney function that measures the rate at which nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by comparing its concentration in the blood and urine over a 24-hr period

the amount of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli of the kidneys. this rate is decreased when the kidneys are dysfunctional

incision of the urinary bladder