What is a rule of thumb for when a solute will dissolve in a solvent?
Like dissolves like.
Substances with similar intermolecular forces will dissolve in each other.
What are the six intermolecular forces in order of decreasing strength.
Ion-dipole
Hydrogen Bond
Dipole-Dipole
Ion Induced Dipole
Dipole Induced Dipole
Dispersion
Equation of heat (enthalpy) of a solution(⌂Hsoln)
Define salvation and hydration.
Process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles (solvent particles are water for hydration)
What affect does charge density have on the heat of hydration?
The higher the charge density, the more negative ⌂Hhydr is.
What is Henry's law?
The solubility of a gas (Sgas) is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas (Pgas) above the solution
This means that gases become less soluble in hotter solutions.
Molarity
Molality
Mass percent
volume percent
mol fraction
X
What is Raoult's law?
vapor pressure of a solvent (Psolvent) above a solution equals the mole fraction of solvent (Xsolvent) times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent(P°solvent)
What physical properties depend on the number of solute particles, not their chemical identity?
The Colligative Properties!
*Vapor pressure lowering*
Freezing point depression
Boiling point elevation
Osmotic pressure
Equations for freezing point depression and boiling point elevation?
m- solution molalityKb & Kf- constants
Find Osmotic pressure
What is the van't Hoff factor (i)?
How can we find colligative properties of strong electrolyte solutions with this factor?
\
