8th grade SS Progressive Era

• The Jungle exposed unsanitary (dirty) practices in the meat processing industry.  (Jungle - animals we eat) 
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to improve, change for the better

time period of reform during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Response to problems about industrialization and urbanization.  

powerful organizations that used both legal and illegal methods to get their candidates elected 

highlights the inequality between wealthy business owners and the workers who worked under terrible conditions for little pay.  

• journalists who "racked up" or exposed the "muck" (horse poop) or bad things of society.
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elected officials who handed out jobs and contracts.  In return they received political support.

required people to take civil service exams for certain government jobs.  It also prevented government from firing civil service workers for political reasons.

an election where members of a political party (democrats or republicans) vote for their candidates to run in a general election (such as presidency.)  In the Direct Primary Republicans voted for Mitt Romney, Democrats voted for Barack Obama.  

allowed voters to approve or reject a law that had already been proposed or passed. Refer this law to the citizens for their vote.  

allows voters to propose a law. 

a fire that occurred at a shirt factory which killed many workers because the doors were locked by the business owners.  This fire led to the passage of new safety laws in the workplace.

gave workers some of their lost wages due to being injured on the job.

economic system where private business runs industry and competition determines the price of goods.  Walmart versus Target, Hannaford vs. Price Chopper.  

an economy where the government owns and operates a country's industry.

provided services to the poor; helped the unemployed

worked to prevent alcohol from ruining people's lives