The renal system has what major functions?
Regulates ion conc. in plasma, blood volume and pressure, toxic subsatnces in blood, blood pH, synthesizes calcitrol (Vit D), regulates blood cell production
What is normal urine output?
1,000 to 1,500 ml/day
What constitutes Oliguria?
100-400 mL/day
What constitutes Polyuria?
>2500 mL/day
What constitute Anuria?
No urine output or <50 mL/day
What is a normal specific gravity for urine?
1.010-1.020
What is a normal pH for urine?
5-6
What is Hematuria?
RBCs in the blood
What is pyuria?
Pus, WBCs in the urine
Are epithelial cells a concern when found in the urine?
No, considered a contaminant
What is evaluated in the urine during a laboratory test?
Color, pH, specific gravity, Protein, Glucose/ketones, bacteria and Urine sediments
What medications effect urine?
Iron, Pyridium, Rifampin, Propofol, Nitrofurantoin, phenytoin
Describe urine color changes associated with Iron use:
Dark brown or red
Describe urine color changes associated with Pyridium use:
Orange to red
Describe urine color changes associated with Rifampin use:
Orange to red
Describe urine color changes associated with Propofol use:
Green
Describe urine color changes associated with Nitrofurantoin use:
Brown
Describe urine color changes associated with Phenytoin use:
Pink, red or red-brown
What is a negative Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria?
<10 mg/dL
What is a positive Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria?
> or = to +1 or >30 mg/dL
What is considered “trace” for a Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria?
10-20 mg/dL
What does a 2+ for Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria mean?
100 mg/dL (positive)
What does a 3+ for Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria mean?
300 mg/dL (positive)
What does a 4+ for Urinary dipstick evaluation for proteinuria mean?
>1000 mg/dL (positive)
What constitutes clinical proteinuria?
>200 mg/g total protein: creatinine ratio
What constitutes clinical microalbuminuria?
>30 mg/g albumin: creatinine ratio
What is a normal range for Serum Creatinine?
0.7-1.3 mg/dL
What is a normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
8-21 mg/dL
How is Creatinine primarily eliminated?
By Glomerular filtration
As SCr rises __________ and ___________ decreases.
GFR and CrCl
(True/False) SCr alone should not be used to assess the level of kidney function.True False
True
(True/False) SCr can be influenced by many factors.True False
True
(True/False) GFR can be measured easily.True False
False, need prediction equations
(True/False) GFR prediction equations are usually validated in renal failure patients.True False
False, usually validated on normal kidney function patients
What is Cockroft-Gault equation for CrCl in adults:
Men : Cl = (140-age)*kg/(72 x SCr)Women : 0.85 * CrCl (male)
What is the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation used for?
Estimate GFR for staging of CKD patients
Use actual body weight for the C-G equation unless____________________________, then use adjusted body weight (AdjBW)
the patient weighs > 20% above their ideal body weight (IBW)
What is Male IBW?
50 kg + 2.3 (inches over 5 ft tall)
