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NOUN
- a person, place, or thing. Can be the subject or object of a sentence.
- Ex: cat, horse, mother, Denmark
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PRONOUN
- a word that replaces or stands for ("pro" = for) a noun.
- Ex: he, she, it
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VERB
- an action word.
- Ex: sit, laugh, screw
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ADJECTIVE
- a word that describes or modifies a noun. Answers the questions "how many," "what kind," etc.
- Ex: happy, suicidal, red, dangerous
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ADVERB
- a word that describes or modifies a verb.
- Ex: carefully, quickly, wisely.
- Also sometimes modifies an adjective. ("She was very tall." 'Very' is an adverb modifying 'tall')
- Adverbs usually, but not always, end in "-ly". (However, not every word ending in "ly" is an adverb)
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PREPOSITION
- (literally "pre-position") a word that indicates the relationship of a noun (or noun phrase) to another word.
- Examples of prepositions are to, at, with, for, against, across.
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PHRASE
- an expression (can be a single word, but usually more) which contains a single thought but is not necessarily a complete sentence.
- Words make up phrases; phrases make up sentences. By some definitions, a phrase cannot contain a verb.
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SENTENCE
- the basic unit of writing. A sentence should have a subject and a predicate.
- The subject is the noun to which the sentence's verb refers;
- the predicate is the verb plus whatever other parts modify or elaborate on it.
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DECLARATIVE (type of sentence)
- The majority of sentences are declarative.
- A declarative sentence makes a statement.
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INTERROGATORY (type of sentence)
- An interrogatory sentence asks a question.
- Ex: Do you understand that?
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IMPERATIVE (type of sentence)
- An imperative sentence gives a command.
- Ex: "Shut up and kiss me."
- (Note that an imperative sentence does not require a subject; the pronoun "you" is implied)
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TENSES
- Past, present and future
- For example, "I eat" is present, "I ate" is past and "I will eat" is future.
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THE BASIC PARTS OF A SENTENCE
- the subject, the verb, and (often, but not always) the object.
- The subject is usually a noun--a word that names a person, place, or thing.
- The verb (or predicate) usually follows the subject and identifies an action or a state of being.
- An object receives the action and usually follows the verb.
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