Physio Exam 3 and answers

1.      What are the structures having both desmosomes and gap junctions, that connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells?
A.      Septums
B.      M lines
C.      Dense bodies
D.      Intercalated discs

1.      Where does the heartbeat normally begin in the heart?
A.      Bundle of His
B.      SA node
C.      AV node
D.      Purkinje Fibers

1.      What ion dominates the plateau phase of the cardiac muscle cell action potential?
A.      Sodium
B.      Chloride
C.      Potassium
D.      Calcium

1.      What event is occurring during the T wave of the electrocardiogram?
A.      Atrial depolarization
B.      Ventricular depolarization
C.      Ventricular repolarization
D.      Atrial repolarization

1.      What pressure must be overcome in order for the left ventricle to empty?
A.      Vena cava pressure
B.      Pulmonary pressure
C.      Capillary pressure
D.      Aortic pressure

1.      As the heart rate increases, what is the lowest heart rate at which there will be a decrease in diastolic filling and cardiac output?
A.      150 beats/min
B.      220 beats/min
C.      250 beats/min
D.      180 beats/min

1.      In which type of heart murmur will the valve leaves not properly mesh?
A.      Valve prolapse
B.      Valve insufficiency
C.      Valve stenosis
D.      Valve closure

1.      What is the immediate effect on heart rate of cutting the vagus nerve, removing parasympathetic input to the heart?
A.      No effect on heart rate
B.      Decrease heart rate by 60 beats/min
C.      Decrease heart rate by 30 beats/min
D.      Increase heart rate by 30 beats/min

1.      Which of these is the primary determinant of blood viscosity?
A.      Sympathetic stimulation
B.      Blood pressure
C.      Blood vessel radius
D.      Percentage of red blood cells in blood

1.      For a person with a blood pressure of 120/80, what is the pulse pressure?
A.      200 mmHg
B.      40 mmHg
C.      120 mmHg
D.      80 mmHg

1.      Which of these can help reverse stage I of atherosclerosis?
A.      High salt diet
B.      Cholesterol
C.      Alcohol
D.      High blood sugar

1.      What type of blood vessel has the slowest blood flow rate?
A.      Arteries
B.      Arterioles
C.      Capillaries
D.      Veins

1.      What are lymph nodes?
A.      Merger sites for larger lymph vessels
B.      Entry points for lymph entering arteries
C.      Synaptic sites for lymph neurons
D.      Transfer sites between capillaries and lymph vessels

1.      Which of these would DECREASE the return of venous blood to the heart?
A.      Standing upright
B.      Negative pressure in the thorax
C.      Normal blood pressure gradient
D.      Contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding veins

1.      Which type of protein is present in the highest amount in blood plasma?
A.      Erythropoetin
B.      Globulins
C.      Albumin
D.      Fibrinogen

1.      Which of these is present inside red blood cells?
A.      Nucleus
B.      Golgi complex
C.      Mitochondria
D.      Spectrin

1.      How many molecules of oxygen can bind to one hemoglobin molecule?
A.      4
B.      2
C.      8
D.      6

1.      Having the sickle cell trait provide protection against what disease?
A.      Malaria
B.      Filariasis
C.      Tuberculosis
D.      Hemophilia

1.      Platelet binding, the intrinsic clotting system, and the plasminogen systems are all initially activated by exposing blood to
A.      High density lipoprotein
B.      Endothelium
C.      Calcium
D.      Collagen

1.      What kind of white blood cell releases histamine?
A.      Eosinophil
B.      Neutrophil
C.      Monocyte
D.      Basophil

1.      Which of these is the major killer of bacteria in the body?
A.      Chemotaxins
B.      Diapedesis
C.      Complement system
D.      Interferon

1.      What cells present antigens to B and T lymphocytes?
A.      Red blood cells
B.      Microphages
C.      Lymph cells
D.      Macrophages

1.      What do plasma cells make and release?a.     Interleukins
b.     Cytokines
c.     Antibodies
d.     Antigens

1.      Which of these is NOT a major function of antibody defense
A.      Activation of the complement system
B.      Neutralization by binding
C.      Activation of macrophages
D.      Activation of natural killer cells

1.      Who is given rhogam to prevent future medical problems?
A.      Anemia patients
B.      Children
C.      New mothers
D.      Cancer survivors

1.      Which cell type is a T lymphocyte (T cell) most likely to attack?
A.      Fungus
B.      Bacteria
C.      Parasite
D.      Virus-infected cell

1.      What cells are attacked by the AIDS virus?
A.      Helper T cells
B.      Cytotoxic T cells
C.      B cells
D.      Complement cells

1.      What is the major and potentially fatal site of SRS-A activity?
A.      Bronchioles
B.      The brain
C.      The diaphragm
D.      The heart

1.      Which of these is a major component of the epidermis?
A.      Blood vessels
B.      Sweat glands
C.      Touch receptors
D.      Keratin fibers

1.      Which of these structures is the site of oxygen exchange in the lungs?
A.      Bronchioles
B.      Trachea
C.      Alveoli
D.      Bronchi

1.      What is the intrapleural pressure compared with atmospheric pressure?
A.      The same as atmospheric pressure
B.      8 mmHg less than atmospheric
C.      12 mmHg less than atmospheric
D.      4 mmHg less than atmospheric

1.      Contraction of which muscle provides extra expiration from the lungs?
A.      Trachealis muscle
B.      External intercostal muscle
C.      Internal intercostal muscles
D.      Diaphragm

1.      Surfactant reduces the surface tension in the lungs by breaking the bonds between
A.      Water molecules in alveoli
B.      Actin and myosin in bronchioles
C.      Lung cells and capillaries
D.      Adjacent cilia in airways

1.      If blood in capillaries arriving at the lungs has an oxygen partial pressure (PO2) of 70 mmHg, and the lungs have a PO2 of 100, what will be the PO2 of the blood leaving the capillaries?
A.      70
B.      30
C.      170
D.      100

1.      Carbon monoxide shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin binding curve
A.      To the left
B.      To the right
C.      Down
D.      Up

1.      What does the carbonic anhydrase reaction combine carbon dioxide with?
A.      Lactate
B.      Oxygen
C.      Water
D.      Mucus

1.      Which breathing center in the brain switches off inspiration?
A.      Dorsal respiratory group
B.      Apneustic center
C.      Ventral respiratory group
D.      Pneumotaxic center

1.      Where are the peripheral oxygen receptors located?
A.      Brainstem
B.      Kidney
C.      Carotid bodies
D.      Vena cava

1.      In which position should a baby sleep in to reduce the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome?
A.      On its side
B.      On its stomach
C.      With its feet higher than its head
D.      On its back

1.      What lung disease is associated with reduced α-antitrypsin?
A.      Asthma
B.      Pneumonia
C.      Cystic fibrosis
D.      Emphysema