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Age norms
Informal rules that specify age-appropriate roles & behavior.
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Life course
The interaction between historical events, personal decisions, and individual opportunities; experiences early in life affect subsequent outcomes.
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Life course framework
An approach to the study of aging that combines the study of the changing age structure with the aging experiences of individuals.
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Transition
Refers to shifts in roles that occur over the life course.
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Countertransitions
Life course transitions produced by the role changes of others.
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Trajectory
A series of transitions such as education, work, and retirement.
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Age grade
Use of age as a social category to group people by status-the expectations for when the transition from one role to another should occur.
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Age effect
A difference due to chronological age or life course stage.
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Period effect
The impact of a historical event on the people who live through it.
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Cross-sectional research
Research comparing people of different age cohorts at a single point in time.
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Longitudinal research
Process of sorting complex methodological issues involved in distinguishing between age effects, cohort effects, and period effects.
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Social clock
The age norms that provide a prescriptive timetable, which orders major life events.
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Age timetable
Similar to age norms but looser and more flexible; informal rules, which specify age-appropriate roles and behavior.
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Crowded nest
The trend of young adults returning to the parental home.
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Theory of cumulative disadvantage
A theory that people who begin life with greater resources continue to have opportunities to accumulate more of them while those who begin with few resources fall further behind.
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