World History CH 20 Q's

21. The first European state to mandate compulsory elementary education was
A. Prussia.
B. England.
C. the Netherlands.
D. Sweden.
E. France.

22. The reading material of the popular classes included all ofthe following except
A. works on Christian theology.
B. chapbooks with religious contents.
C. practical material, such as almanacs.
D. calendars.
E. entertaining, humorous, escapist stories.

23. The Edict on Idle Institutions outlawed
A. contemplative monastic orders.
B. territorial churches,
C. the Jesuits.
D. universities.
E. foundling homes.

24. In seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Europe, most couples
A. lived together before marriage.
B. included an older husband and young wife.
C. married in their teens.
D. married in their late twenties.
E. had three or fewer children.

25. Most girls who sought work outside their families found jobs as
A. shop clerks.
B. teachers.
C. domestic servants.
D. secretaries.
E. workers in textile factories.

26. The pattern of late marriage in early modern Europe resulted primarily from the
A. availability of premarital sex.
B. puritanism of rural society.
C. prevalence of the extended family structure.
D. fear of overpopulation.
E. necessary precondition of economic independence.

27. Prior to 1750. premarital sex
A. was punishable by a prison term.
B. was commonplace.
C. was nonexistent.
D. occurred only among the upper classes.
E. resulted in a high percentage of illegitimate children.

28. Violations of social norms of traditional lower-class communities were punished by
A. public corporal punishment.
B. exile.
C. fines and imprisonment.
D. banishment.
E. public humiliation.

29. According to the text, one reason for the abusive treatment of young children working in early English factories was probably
A. the absence of children's mothers from the factory shop floor.
B. the fact that this was normal treatment for children of the time.
C. the great stress that their foremen experienced.
D. the lack of laws against corporal punishment of children.
E. the Anglican clergy's endorsement of such treatment.

30. Drinking habits may have changed in the 18th century as
A. city water supplies became safer to drink, thus lowering beer consumption.
B. improved techniques of distilling made hard liquor cheaper and more potent.
C. wine became more expensive due a widespread grape blight.
D. beer became a more popular beverage.
E. Protestant reformers created temperance societies.

31. Underlying the "illegitimacy explosion" of 1750—1850 the authors see
A. the growth of cottage industry and peasant migration to the cities.
B. Protestantism's stress on women's equality.
C. decreasing availability of birth control in the countryside.
D. the decline oftraditional moral standards due to the Enlightenment.
E. the sexual exploitation of poor girls by wealthy men.

32. The almanacs popular among European peasants were
A. calendars.
B. pamphlets advertising local businesses and services.
C. pamphlets that made weather predictions for the coming year.
D. compendiums of astrology, jokes, weird facts, and calendars of religious, astronomical, and agricultural events.
E. agronomical texts.

33. The neglectful attitudes toward children in preindustrial Europe were conditioned mostly by
A. economic pressure on new migrants to the cities.
B. high infant mortality rates.
C. the children's low economic value.
D. Enlightenment philosophy.
E. church doctrine.

34. The practice of wet-nursing benefited
A. the working-class mothers who had to go to work.
B. upper-class mothers.
C. the infants placed in the care of wet-nurses.
D. the villages where the wet-nurses lived.
E. the infants of the wet-nurses.

35. In foundling homes, babies
A. were prepared for careers in the clergy.
B. were deliberately starved in large numbers.
C. died at the rate of 50 to 90 percent per year.
D. had a better chance of survival on average than in a family setting.
E. were safer from infectious diseases than outside.

36. St. Vincent de Paul is most famous for his
A. perfection of the smallpox vaccination.
B. efforts to outlaw the Society ofJesus.
C. establishment of foundling homes.
D. establishment of churches in new working-class neighborhoods in cities.
E. creation of hospitals for lepers.

37. The English author Daniel Defoe is used to illustrate the
A. financial opportunities available in the eighteenth century.
B. emotional power ofthe Protestant revival.
C. harsh, often brutal discipline inflicted on children.
D. experience of European colonists in the Americas.
E. standards of health care available to the rich in eighteenth-century London.

38. According to the text, one danger that threatened young girls living away from home in domestic service was
A. higher risk of death or injury in street or kitchen accidents.
B. reduced chances of marriage on returning home.
C. malnutrition due to subsisting on a city diet.
D. risk of sexual attack by males in the household she served.
E. increased risk of contracting infectious diseases.

39. All of the following are accurate about midwives in the eighteenth century except that they
A. received practical training.
B. faced growing criticism and discrimination from the medical profession.
C. were of modest social origins, and were typically mothers themselves.
D. delivered the overwhelming majority of babies.
E. could earn professional credentials.

40. According to the text, the diet of wealthy Europeans in the 18th century was
A. just as bad or worse than that of common folk.
B. pasta et fromage.
C. high in vitamins A and C.
D. far better than that of the rich today.
E. much more healthy than that of common folk.

41. The diet of the poorer classes consisted largely of bread and
A. vegetables.
B. wild game.
C. meat and eggs.
D. dairy products.
E. mead.

42. A severe deficiency in vitamin C results in the disease known as
A. scurvy.
B. gout.
C. anemia.
D. dysentery.
E. beri beri.

43. The American crop that became an important dietary supplement by the end of the century
was
A. rye.
B. winter wheat.
C. lima beans.
D. potatoes.
E. rice.

44. In addition to supervising labor and birth, midwives generally
A. practiced witchcraft.
B. assisted physicians.
C. treated female medical difficulties such as irregular menstrual cycles, venereal diseases, and breast-feeding problems.
D. treated mental patients.
E. sold contraceptives.

45. In the eighteenth century, faith healers
A. usually prescribed herbal remedies.
B. had disappeared.
C. used exorcism to treat illness.
D. believed disease was caused by imbalance in the humors.
E. specialized in psychological illnesses.

46. Changes in the food consumption habits of Europeans in the eighteenth century included all of
the following except
A. greater variety and availability of vegetables.
B. declining consumption of alcoholic beverages.
C. the replacement of coarse whole-wheat bread with white bread.
D. increased consumption of sugar.
E. the appearance of semitropical fruits such as oranges.

47. Many surgeons gained anatomical knowledge and practical experience
A. by apprenticing themselves to physicians.
B. on the many battlefields of Europe.
C. as barbers.
D. as a result of the legalization of dissection.
E. from the rediscovery of Greek and Roman medical writings.

48. Among the different types of medical practitioner's in Europe in the 18th century
A. pharmacists made more cures than other groups.
B. none treated medical conditions very effectively.
C. midwives made more cures than other groups.
D. exorcists made more cures than other groups.
E. physicians and surgeons made far more cures than other groups.

49. The term lunatic refers to
A. German Protestants who joined the Pietist movement.
B. the brown rat, bearer of the bubonic plague.
C. traditional village punishments for those who violated local customs.
D. the popular belief that mental illness was caused by moonlight.
E. someone who drank too much.

50. The greatest achievement of eighteenth-century medical science was the
A. conquest of smallpox.
B. rise of the animistic school of medicine.
C. elimination of the bubonic plague.
D. control of venereal disease.
E. invention of anesthesia for surgery.

51. Lady Mary Wortley Montague is most famous for
A. her efforts at establishing universal elementary education.
B. her amazing career as a midwife.
C. the establishment and support of foundling homes all over England.
D. her advocacy on behalf of orphans.
E. spreading the practice of smallpox inoculation in England.

52. Edward Jenner received financial prizes from the British government for
A. discovering the first effective method of innoculation against smallpox.
B. inventing improved sewage systems.
C. propounding the microbial theory of disease.
D. introducing innoculation against smallpox to western Asia.
E. discovering that cowpox could be used to vaccinate against smallpox.

53. The term territorial churches refers to
A. Catholic churches still controlled by the pope.
B. churches on the American and Australian frontiers.
C. large parish churches of any denomination.
D. churches outside the control of the state.
E. churches controlled by the state.

54. The dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 is a striking indication of the
A. vitality of the Protestant revival.
B. resurgent power of the papacy.
C. decline of religious feeling in the eighteenth century.
D. obscurantism of the Bourbon monarchs.
E. power of the state over the church.

55. The popular strength of religion in Catholic countries reflected
A. the role of the parish clergy in the state bureaucracy.
B. the desires of secular authorities.
C. the decline of papal and clerical abuses.
D. widespread fear of the outside world.
E. its importance in community life.

56. Madame du Coudray's major accomplishment was
A. teaching tens of thousands of peasants to read.
B. convincing Louis XIV to sponsor the draining of marshlands.
C. establishing dozens of foundling homes.
D. training tens of thousands of midwives.
E. researching the most common causes of stillbirth.

57. All of the following were aspects of the celebration of Carnival except
A. begging forgiveness for one's sins.
B. drinking and dancing.
C. mocking the established order.
D. inversion of the social hierarchy.
E. masquerading.

58. All of the following were aspects of the Protestant revival in Germany except
A. rationalism.
B. religious enthusiasm.
C. the practical power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs.
D. Bible reading and study.
E. stress on the priesthood of all believers.

59. John Wesley's "Methodism" spread rapidly among
A. the lower and middle classes in England.
B. the English upper classes.
C. American colonists.
D. the Anglican clergy.
E. German Pietists.

60. In the excerpt from Emile, reproduced in "Listening to the Past", Rousseau argued that
A. girls were incapable of learning complex mathematics.
B. it was unnecessary for girls to learn to read.
C. education for boys and girls should be the same.
D. girls' education should be oriented toward their future roles as mothers and housewives.
E. girls should be educated for careers so as to be financially independent.