Hazmat #2

material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or the environment or capable of causing harm

• process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come in contact with a hazardous material
• has been taken into the body

• residue of a chemical that has been released and contacts people, the environment, animals, tools, etc
• contamination is on the surface

• occurs when a person or object transfer the contamination or the source of contamination to another person or object by direct contact
• ex: bloody glove on vehicle door handle

• inhalation (70%)
• ingestion (20%)
• absorption (8%)
• injection (2%)

• adverse effect occurring after a long term exposure to a substance
• may result in cancer, loss of lung function, or skin rashes

• adverse health effects caused by relatively short exposure periods that produce observable conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, skin burns
• includes one time exposures

• a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical
• ex: 99 bee stings with no reaction, 100th sting causes anaphylaxis

• chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when absorbed by the body
• includes nerve agents sarin and VX (nerve gas)

• chemical which either dissolve tissue or corrode metal
• can be acid or base

• capable of accelerating or initiating a fire
• ex: nitrates, x-oxides, chlorine, peroxide, x-perchlorate

• cancer causing agents
• ex: radiation, asbestos, benzene, chromium VI, cadmium, dioxins, PCBs, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, beryllium, radon, tobacco/wood smoke, shift work, diesel exhaust, formaldehyde

• types of damage possible from a hazardous material
• thermal
• radiological
• asphyxiation
• chemical
• etiological
• mechanical

• types of chemical warfare agents
• chemical
• biological
• radiological
• nuclear
• explosive

• nerve agents
• blister agents
• cyanide
• choking agents
• irritants

lungs or skin

• ways that nerve agents affect the body
• s - salivation
• L - lachrymation
• U - urination
• D - defecation
• G - gastric disturbances
• E - emesis
• M - miosis (pinpoint pupils), muscular spasms

false, they are liquids

• a blister agent used in WWI
• injures skin and lungs
• can be fatal
• side effects may not appear for 2 to 24 hrs after exposure
• once blistering occurs, decon will not help
• water will not help as it is an oil

• blistering agent much like sulfur mustard
• arsenic based
• can cause vomiting/hypotension
• exposure will cause immediate px
• decon is required
• is a carcinogen

• prevents the body from using O2
• enters the body through the lungs
• hydrogen cyanide smells like bitter almonds
• s/s include vomiting and dizziness

• designed to incapacitate rather than kill
• may result in pulmonary edema

• generally used for riot control
• cause px and burning in exposed skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
• symptoms occur within seconds and can last up to hours
•  usually no lasting effects

• shipping papers or docs
• container shape/type
• placard/label
• detection equipment
• markings/colors
• type of occupancy/locations
• senses

• liquids: more than 119 gallons
• solids: more than 882 pounds
• gases: water capacity of container more than 1,000 pounds

• large volume horizontal tanks (liquids with no pressure)
• ASTs (above ground storage tanks) and USTs (underground storage tanks) - both can be pressurized, typically hold flammable/combustible materials, typically round to evenly distribute pressure
• pressurized horizontal tanks
• totes

• rounded ends in order to evenly distribute pressure
• can hold a few hundred to several thousand gallons
• generally filled to 80% capacity to make room for vapor pressure

• portable plastic tanks surrounded by a stainless steel web that adds both structural stability and protection
• can hold up to a few hundred gallons
• can be hazardous for shipping or storage

6,000 gallon capacity

25-100 psi

mild corrosives, food-grade products, flammable liquids

6,000 gallon capacity

14-30 psi

liquified gases like propane and butane

several hundred psi

cryogenic liquid tank

-130F

liquid (cryogenic) nitrogen, argon, or oxygen

3,000-5,000 psi

• drums
• bags
• carboys
• compressed gas cylinders
• cryogenic containers

flammable liquids, cleaning fluids, oil, other non-corrosive chemicals

corrosives

highly aggressive materials (beer under extreme pressure)

solid materials such as soap flakes

pesticides with specific info

• name of product
• statement of ingredients
• total amount of product in container
• manufacturer's name and address
• practical first aid treatment discription
• storage and disposal info
• keep out of reach of children

• hazard: warns you of what could happen (causes eye irritation)
• precautionary: tells you something specific to do (keep out of reach of children)

• (in order from most dangerous to least dangerous)
• danger - poison
• danger
• warning
• caution

• transport and store corrosives and other types of chemicals
• made of glass, plastic, steel
• hold 5 - 15 gallons
• nitric, sulfuric and other strong acids are transported/stored in thick glass carboys

2,200 psi

5,000 psi or greater

• flammable liquid tanker
• aka DOT-406 or gasoline tanker
• oval shaped
• carries between 6,000-10,000 gallons
• nonpressurized
• usually made of aluminum
• offloaded through valves at the bottom of the tank

• round or horseshoe shaped
• psi below 40
• typically carries between 6,000-7,000 gallons
• used to transport flammable liquids, mild corrosives, poisons

• corrosive tanker
• used for concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and other corrosive substances
• smaller diameter than the 306 or 307
• several reinforcing rings around the tank
• operates at ~75 psi
• holds ~6,000 gallons

• pressure cargo tanker
• carries materials like ammonia, propane, butane
• tanks has rounded ends
• operates at ~300 psi

• cryogenic tanker
• tank within a tank
• low-pressure
• relies on insulation to maintain low temp for cryogens
• box like structure containing the tank control valves typically attached to the rear of the tanker

• carry compressed gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, helium, and methane
• large volume cylinders operate at 3,000-5,000 psi
• one trailer can carry several different gases
• each cylinder has its own relief valve

• carry powders, pellets, fertilizers, or grain
• non-pressurized
• generally v-shaped with rounded sides that funnel contents down