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What is JNC VII?
Joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure
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What is Hypertension?
Elevation of arterial blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg
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What percent of Hypertension is due to underlying disease/secondary?
10%
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What percent of Hypertension is idiopathic/Primary?
90%
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What is acute hypertension?
>120 mm Hg diastolic
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What are the major diseases that can be prevented by treating Hypertension?
Stroke, CHF, CAD, Nephropathy, PAD, Retinopathy
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What systems control blood pressure?
Sympathetic NS and Renin/Angiotensin/Aldosterone system
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What organs control blood pressure?
Heart, Blood vessels and Kidney
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Finish the equation: MAP=
CO x PVR
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What are each of the terms in the following equation: MAP = CO x PVR?
Mean arterial Pressure = Cardiac output x Peripheral vascular resistance
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What drugs treat hypertension by reducing cardiac output?
Beta-Blockers
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What general group of drugs treat hypertension by reducing peripheral vascular resistance?
Vasodilators
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What group of drugs treat Hypertension by reducing plasma volume?
Diuretics
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What are the peripheral acting sympatholytics used to treat hypertension?
Beta –adrenergic receptor blockers and Alpha 1 – adrenergic receptor blockers
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What are the centrally acting sympatholytics used to treat hypertension?
Alpha2- adrenergic receptor agonists
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What are the Renin Angiotensin System Blockers used to treat hypertension?
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers and Renin inhibitors
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What are the general types of drugs that can be used to treat Hypertension?
Diuretics, Peripheral acting sympatholytics, centrally acting sympatholytics, Other sympatholytics, Renin Angiotensin System blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Direct vasodilators
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What is the site of action for Valsartan and other angiotensin receptor blockers?
Angiotensin II receptors of vessels
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What is the site of action for Prazosin and other alpha-receptor blockers?
Alpha-receptors of the vessels
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What is the site of action for Thiazides?
Early Distal Convoluted Tubule
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What is the site of action for atenolol, Propranolol and other beta-blockers?
Beta-receptors of juxtaglomerular cells that release renin
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What is the site of action for Respirine?
Sympathetic nerve terminals
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What is the site of action for Methyldopa, Clonidine and Guafacine?
Vasomotor center
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What is the site of action for Hydralazine?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Minoxidil?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Nitroprusside?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Diazoxide?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Calcium Channel Blockers?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Verapamil?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Diltiazam?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Amlopidine?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Fenoldopam?
Vascular smooth muscle
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What is the site of action for Lisinopril and other ACE inhibitors?
Angiotensin converting enzyme
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What is the action of Angiotensin converting enzyme?
Converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
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What is the action of Renin?
Converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
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What is the site of action or Aliskiren?
Renin
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Where is the site of action for Furosemide?
Thick segmented ascending limb of Loop of Henle
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What is the site of action of Spirolactone and Triamterene?
Late Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting duct
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What is the first treatment used for Hypertension?
Lifestyle Modifications
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