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kyleannkelsey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Long acting B2 agonists are used as a monotherapy or combination therapy?
Combination therapy with inhaled steroids
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What type of asthma are long acting B2 agonists used to treat?
Moderate to severe persistent asthma
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Mast cells are only found in the Bronchials (True/False)?
No, ubiquitous
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Chemotactic means what?
Attract immune mediators
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Are Histamine and other mast cell released chemical mediators chemotactic?
Yes
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What is a cytokine?
Inflammatory proteins
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How many phases of bronchospasm are there and what are they?
2 early and late
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Late phase mediators effect blood vessel permeability and edema (True/False)?
True
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Is mucus prominent in the inflamed airway in late phase bronchospasm?
Yes
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Bronchoconstriction begins in what phase of bronchospasm?
Early
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Traditional immune mediated inflammation begins at what phase of bronchospasm?
Late phase
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What are the characteristics of Late phase bronchospasm?
Inflammation and Constriction
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What are the characteristics of Early phase bronchospasm?
Constriction
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What is airway remodeling?
Chronic inflammation of the airways causes thickening and change in micro anatomy causing hypersensitivity to all things bronchoconstricting
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What aspect of an asthma attack usually causes death?
Mucus plugs
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A short acting B2 agonist should be used daily (True/False).
No, as needed
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What group of drugs are considered the standard for reversing bronchoconstriction?
Short acting B2 agonists
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Albuterol and Pirbuterol are distributed systemically?
No, not really, inhaled
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Adverse effects of Albuterol are common or uncommon and why?
Uncommon, because administered directly to the tissue with little systemic effect
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Ipratropium might be given to an asthmatic under what acute conditions?
Emergency situation with B2 agonists, if B2 agonists are not efficacious enough
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COPD is similar to asthma in what way?
Bronchoconstriction
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What is Tiotropium?
Charged quaternary amines muscarinic antagonist that does not move systemically
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What are the advantages of Tiotropium over Ipratoropium?
More efficacious, once day adminin (vs several times a day), reduced systemic effects, extended DOA
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Tiotropium and Ipratropium are usually used for what?
Maintenance bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD
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Are Steroid anti-inflammatories often used acutely for asthma?
No
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What is the purpose of adding a steroid anti-inflammatory drug to a B2 agonist?
Steroid anti-inflammatory drug sensitizes B2 receptors to the effects of albuterol or epinephrine
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Prophylactic drugs for asthma are generally what type of drugs?
Steroids/Anti-inflammatories
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Can Asthma be described as an allergy of the Bronchials?
Yes
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Why is oral Thrush a problem with Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs?
Suppressing the immune system/Oral administration
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What advise might you want to give a patient on Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs about Thrush?
How to time inhalation and pressing the button on an inhaler to maximize drug into the lungs not the mouth
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What are the adverse effects of Cromolyn and Nedocromil?
Mild irritation of the respiratory tract
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Cromolyn and Nedocromil are used for acute asthma (True/False).
False, prophylactics
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Cromolyn and Nedocromil are taken in what dosage form?
Tablets or Nasal Sprays
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Leukotriene are taken usually in what dosage form?
Tablets
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Leukotrienes receptor antagonists are popular because of the high level of safety (True/False)
False, if they enter the blood they are toxic and can interact with other drugs
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Leukotriene receptor antagonist have a narrow or wide therapeutic index?
Narrow
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Are Salmeterol/ Formoterol given alone?
No, never given alone
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What are Salmetrol/Formoterol given with?
Inhaled steroids
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Long acting B2 agonist have a short onset of action (True/False)
False, Long
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