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What does Hetodontous mean?
Many different shapes of teeth
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What does Diphyodountous mean?
- 2 different sets of teeth
- Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
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Name the layers of the tooth
C,E,D,P
- Cementum - outer layer, anchors to gums
- Enamel - strongest, tends to be brittle
- Dentin - softer
- Pulp Cavity - flood flow, nerves, regresses and fills in with Dentin as the horses age.
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What does Hypsodont mean?
- Teeth are continually erupting
- 1/8 inch per year
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What are the 2 basic structures of the tooth?
- Crown - What you see outside the gum
- Reserve Crown - What is underneath the gum
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What is the Infundibulum?
The indentation on the top of the tooth, cup like structure
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What are the different types of teeth?
I,C,W,M
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How many teeth does a full grown horse have? At what age is the horse when it has all of its teeth?
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What is the Interdental Space?
- Space in between Wolf teeth/premolars and Canines
- We place the bit here
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How many Incisors does an adult horse typically have?
12
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How many Canines doe an adult horse have?
0 - 4
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How many Premolars does an adult horse have?
- 12-16
- Wolf teeth are included some horses don't have wolf teeth
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How many Molars dos an adult horse have?
12
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What are the names of Incisors?
- Central
- Intermediate
- Corner
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Name the Premolars
- 1st premolar or Wolf tooth
- 2nd premolar
- 3rd premolar
- 4th premolar
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Name the Molars
- 1st Molar
- 2nd Molar
- 3rd Molar
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What types of Deciduous teeth do horses have?
Incisors and Premolars
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At what age does a horse have Central Incisors?
Born with them or come in within 1 week
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At what age does a horse have Intermediate Incisors?
4-6 weeks
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At what age does a horse have Corner Incisors?
6-9 Months
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At what age does a horse have 2nd and 3rd Premolars?
Born with them or come in within the first 2 weeks
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At what age do the first permanent Central Incisors appear?
2.5 years years
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At what age do the first permanent Intermediate Incisors appear?
3.5 years
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At what age do the first permanent Corner Incisors appear?
4.5 years
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At what age does the first permanent Premolar appear?
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At what age does the second permanent Premolar appear?
2.5 years
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At what age does the third permanent Premolar appear?
3 years
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At what age does the fourth permanent Premolar appear?
3.5 -4 years
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At what age does the first permanent Molar appear?
9-12 Months
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At what age does the second permanent Molar appear?
2 years
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At what age does the third permanent Molar appear?
3.5 - 4 years
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At what age do the Canines appear?
4-5 years, if they errupt, they are the last ones.
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What are Caps?
Deciduous teeth that have not been lost and sit on top of the permanent teeth are called caps
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After 5 years of age, how do you determine a horse’s age?
- Aging Hooks
- Cups
- Dental Stars
- Galvayne's Groove
- Shape of Teeth
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Where do you find Aging Hooks?
Upper Corner Incisors on the outside.
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When do Aging Hooks appear?
Around 7 years and disappear around 9 years then re-appear at 11 and stay till around 18
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What are Cups?
Used in younger horses to help determine age, the deeper the Cup the younger the horse.
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At what age do Cups start to disappear and on what Teeth?
Cups are on Incisors only.
- Lower Incisors Disappear first
- Central Incisors - 6 years
- Intermediate - 7 years
- Corners - 8 years
- Upper
- Central - 9 years
- Intermediate - 10 years
- Corners - 11 years
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What are Dental Stars?
They appear after Cups disappear in older horses. They are slightly different in color.
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What is the Galvayne's Groove and where is it located?
A deep dark groove that appears as the horse gets older then disappears and comes back
Corner Incisor on the upper teeth
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At what ages does a horse have a Galvayne's Groove and what does it look like?
- 10yrs ~ 30yrs
- Starts at the gum line at age 10
- By 15 its halfway down
- By 20 is all the way down
- By 25 it has disappeared from the top and is only on the bottom
- Gone by 30
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What shape are older horses teeth?
- Longer
- Incisors don't grind
- Angled out
- Triangular from top
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What shape are middle aged horses teeth?
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What shape are younger horses teeth?
- Shorter
- Straighter
- Oval from the top
- Very Square from front
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How often do Domestic horses need dental care?
Once a year
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Why don't wild horses need dental care?
The angle they eat at while grazing helps keep teeth in good shape. They also eat rougher forage.
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What does Occlusion mean?
Teeth meet up nicely
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What does Malocclusion mean?
Teeth do not meet up nicely
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