Infection Control

infections acquired in a hospital

Hand hygiene & breaking links in the chain of infection.

Infectious agent:  virus, bacteria, fungus, etc

Reservoir:  humans, animals, equipment, food, etc.

Portal of exit:  coughing, sneezing, blood, etc.

Mode of transportation:  shaking hands, airborne, droplet, etc.

Portal of entry:  mucus membranes, cut, body orifices

Suspetible host:  elderly, newborn, patient

standard & isolation precautions

preventing and minimizing  employee exposure to blood-borne pathogens

direct skin contact w/ blood, bodily fluids and tissues from all persons

eyes, ears, nose, mouth, & throat

Center for Disease Control & Prevention

exposed to non-intact skin, mucous membrane, blood, and all body fluids, secretions, & excretions except sweat

blood is visible

Personal Protective Equip

isolation & mode of transportation (airborne, droplet, or contact

annually

dealing w/ blood, fluids, and tissue samples

danger of spray, spatter, or aerosol formation

puncture proof container w/o recapping

food or drink, or chewing of gum

transmission of infectious microorganisms

patients are highly susceptible to infection (immuno-compromised) & need to be protected

Univeral Precautions

Body Substance Isolation

patients are highly CONTAGIOUS

invasion & growth of microorganism in body causing disease

pathogens

virus, bacteria, fungi, protists (malaria)

blood, urine, feces, tissue, bodily fluids (secretions/excretions)

chickenpox

shingles, recurrent infection of chickenpox virus

viruses, severe multisystem failure syndrome, hemorrhage

HEP A, B, C

HEP A

deadly viral respiratory disease

virus strains, respiratory disease

erythema infectiosum (5th disease), rash in childhood

bacterial

bacteria in soil & water, on skin of healthy people.  Outbreaks in ICU

fatal lung disease

antibiotic-resistant bacteria

source, transmission, susceptible host

person infected w/ pathogen

patient or healthcare worker

needle puncture, airborne droplet (hidden), etc

carries & transmits agent/pathogen w/o being sick

bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, rickettsia

CIV² - by contact, inhalation, vehicle, vector

direct, indirect, droplet

caused by coughing, sneezing, or talking w/i 3 ft of ears, nose, mouth & are (greater than) >5 microns in size. use surgical mask.

contaminated food, water, drugs

insect, animal, anthropod/spider

chickenpox, influenza, respiratory, measles.

E. coli/salmonella

W. Nile virus, Lyme disease (ticks)

TB.  Also, close patient contact is not necessary b/c of droplets long life & light weight of (less than) <5 microns.

An inanimate object or substance that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms

entry thru visible & invisible preexisting breaks in the skin

intact skin gets needle stick or other sharps (glass) cut skin

N95 respirator (if TB suspected)

failed to use proper hand hygiene

thru mucous membranes (ears, nose, mouth)

UP (universal precautions) & BSI (body substance isolation) to make Standard Precautions

ALL blood, body fluids, non-intact tissue/skin, etc are capable of carrying a pathogen

used in hospitals when patient is suspected of being infected

gloves, gown, surgical mask, & eyewear.  if w/i 3 feet for droplets

special HEPA filter, N95 respirator for particles carried by air or on dust, special negative air pressure ventilated room, plus C&D precautions

microbes or

non-pathogenic (causing disease)

pathogens

pathogen causing an infection

local (restricted symptoms) or systemic (whole body affected)

person to person pathogenic microbes causing infection

acquired at a hospital or healthcare facility

urinary tract infection

Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee

standard & transmission-based

• 6 chains of infection
• Infecting Agent
• Reservoir
• Exit point
• Means of transport
• Entry point
• Suseptible Host

• 5 modes of transmission
• Contact (direct or indirect)
• Droplets
• Airborne
• Vector
• Vehicle

living insects, animals, or anthorpods

Non-living food, water, or drugs

developed antibodies resistant to a virus

• Hand washing
• PPE
• Waste disposal
• Isolation
• Insect & rodent control
• Decontamination of surfaces & instruments

Purified Protein Derivative for TB status

Rapid Plasma Reagin testing for Syphilis, diarrheal & skin diseases

• Remove
• No touch sink
• Faucet on CPT
• Wet w/ warm
• Soap
• Rub/friction
• Scrub all
• Remove under nails (4-8 15 seconds, 3 x's row, row)
• Rinse down
• Repeat if needed
• Dry CPT
• Faucet off CPT

• b/a each patient contact
• b/t diff procedures same patient
• b/a on/off gloves
• b4 leaving lab
• b4 any breaks
• b/a WC
• when visibly or knowingly contaminated

• gown
• mask
• gloves over cuff of gown

• gloves
• mask touch string only
• gown & promptly wash hands

Occupational Safety & Health Act

have HBV