Two pleural fluid properties linking lungs to the chest wall:
A. Surface tension and negative air pressure
Lungs expand within chest wall is due to:
C. Pleural linkage
Small air sacs at the end of alveolar ducts have minute depressions called:
B. Alveoli
The space between the vocal folds is:
B. Glottis
The force beneath the vocal folds is the:
C. Subglottal
The sound produced by the vocal folds is the:
A. Glottal tone
What are the three passive forces of expiration
Elastic recoil of lungs, rib torque and gravity of lungs
Active speech expiration requires controlled relaxation of the muscles of inspiration. This controlled release of air pressure for speech is called:
muscular checking
The most ventral portion of the mediastinum is called:
Anterior mediastinum
The upper aspect of the mediastinum is called
superior mediastinum
During normal breathing the vocal folds are in an __________ position
During speech the vocal folds are in an ___________ position
Adducted
The space just beneath your vocal folds is referred to as the:
C. Sub glottal space
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled following quiet expiration is the:
B. Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air one is capable of holding in the lungs after maximum inhalation and is equal to all lung volumes:
C. Total lung capacity
Inspirations forces provide an active checking force when lung volumes are above this capacity and expiratory forces are active when lung volumes are below this capacity:
A. About 40%
The lungs have two surfaces, the:
C. costal surface and the medial surface
The right lung has how many lobes:
A. 3
The pleural membranes:
C. A, B, and C
A. A and B
The directions in which the thoracic cavity expands:
A. antero-posteriorly, vertically, laterally
The tip of the lung, lying under the clavicles is called the:
A. Apex
The theory explaining how the vocal folds open and close to create phonation is:
B. The myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
Elasticity and the Bermoulli principle account for:
A. Closure of the vocal folds
The complex way that the vocal folds vibrate is explained by the:
A. Two mass or cover body theory
Terminal bronchioles communicate with:
C. Alveoli ducts
During resting-breathing the predominant muscles of inhalation include:
A. Diaphragm and intercostals
Elastic recoil of the lungs, rib torque and gravity are used during:
C. quiet exhalation
We exchange about .5 liters of air in our:
A. Tidal volume
The major vocal fold characteristics that relate to voice quality are:
C. length, mass, tension
Boyles law states:
B. volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional
The heart and lungs lie within a section of the thoracic cavity which is the:
C. mediastinum
The anterior cartilage of the larynx (which happens to be the largest)
A. thyroid cartilage
The cartilage that extends from the posterior aspect of the thyroid is the:
C. epiglottis
Surrounding each lung is an air-tight membrane, integral to the lung is the:
B. visceral pleura
The right lung has:
B. three lobes
The left lung is divided by the:
C. oblique fissure
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle functions to ______________ the vocal folds.
abduct
The lateral cricoarytenoid and oblique arytenoids __________ the vocal folds.
adduct
The larynx is tilted forward and downward by the __________.
cricothyroid muscle
The two phases of phonation are:
Prephonation phase
Attack phase
Muscles of active inspiration include:
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus Anterior
Diaphragm
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus Posterior
Muscles of active expiration
Rectus abdominus
Internal oblique
external oblique
transversus abdominis
What theory describes and predicts the most resonant frequency of the vocal folds?
Quarter-wave theory
The superior border of the quadrangular membrane
aryepiglottic fold
the inferior border of the quadrangular membrane
ventricular fold
inferior border of conus elasticus
vocal ligament (?)
Myoelastic aerodynamic theory of voice production
there are two forces in the theory that allows voice to be produced in the vocal folds. One is the elasticity that pulls back the vocal folds to the closed adducted position and the other one is the Bermoulli principle which is the greater external air pressure, the pressure between vocal folds is lesser thus pushes it back down
Two mass cover-body theory of phonation
voice characteristics differ from every individual. The length, mass, and structure of the vocal folds dictate the quality of voice production. The vocal folds is comprised of various tissues, mucous and ligaments which changes as we age and may also be due to medical issues