The study of the functioning of an organism in the presence of a disease
Nearly all cells of higher organisms have 3 main components:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nearly all cells of higher organisms have 3 main components excluding:
Mature red blood cells
Platelets
Consists of fats and proteins; protects the nucleus & organelles
Semipermeable cell covering through which exchanges take place between the interior of the cell and the external environment
Cell membrane
A spherical formation containing genetic material, which is responsible for the functioning of the cell and the transmission of hereditary characteristics
Nucleus
A gelatinous-type substance in which the nucleus and all the organelles are immersed
Cytoplasm
The adaptive process by which the body maintains internal balance
Homeostasis
How does the human body maintain homeostasis:
By balancing what it takes in with what it puts out
Water balance in the body is maintained through:
Thirst mechanism
Release of antidiuretic Hormone
(ADH / Vasopressin)
Normal levels for serum sodium (Na) are:
136 to 144 mEq/L (milliequivalents per liter)
Fluid deficit caused by excess body water loss without proportionate sodium loss
Hypernatremia
Fluid deficit caused by excessive sodium loss with less water loss
Hyponatremia
Causes of Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia:
Excessive sweating
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Inap. IV fluid use
Nausea
Headache
Seizure
coma
The gap that lies between each neuron that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell
Synapse
In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:
A) Vasoconstriction
In addition to facilitating the uptake of sugar into the cells, insulin is responsible for:
a) the chemical conversion of glycogen to glucose
b) the chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen
b) the chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen
A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:
increases heart rate
What measures the disease-causing ability of a microorganism?
Virulence
Acid-base disturbances are classified into what two general categories:
metabolic and respiratory
What measures the disease-causing ability of a microorganism?
Virulence
The three most common types of distributive shock
Anaphylactic
Septic
Neurogenic
Define septic shock
widespread infection (bacterial)
Define Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injury
Distributive shock occurs when:
There is widespread dilation of the resistance vessels.