The magnetic field of a bar magnet is similar to that produced by____?
A current carrying wire shaped like a coil
A device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy is a _____?
Motor
T or F : For a simple magnet, like poles attract.
False
T or F: A magnet at rest next to or inside a wire loop will cause a deflection of the ammerte's needle in Faraday's 1831 experiment
False
In practice, most transmission lines lose _____ of the generated power as heat.
10%
To change voltage to a higher or lower value, a _____ is used.
Transformer
The voltage induced in the 2nd coil of a transformer is dependent on?
The number of turns in that coil vs the 1st coil.
Most newly installed transmission lines today are at a voltage of ____.
up to 765 kV
Wind-energy capacity has grown in the U.S. by ____ over the past 5 yrs.
400%
By a process called doping impurities are added to the silicon to change its properties and make it a better conductor. If a small amount of phosphorus is added to silicon, there will be ___ electrons in the crystal, producing an ____ semiconductor.
Extra electrons,
n-type (negative) semiconductor
Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by describing light as a particle rather than a wave. The energy of each light particle, a photon, depends on its ______ only.
Frequency
Although conversion efficiencies can be over 30, typical efficiencies are _____ for a pv cell
10-15%
T or F: When light shines on the negative plate in figure 12.3, electrons are emitted with an amount of kinetic energy inversely proportional to the wavelength of the incident light.
True
The US produces about 7% of its electricity today from hydropower.
7%
About _____% of the worlds electricity is produced by hydropower.
21%
T or F: Some Micro-hydro turbines are as small as 200W and are cheaper than a PV unit of the same size, with greater availability.
True
What type of a turbine is a Pelton turbine?
Impulse
Concentrated Solar trough systems work by using parabolic reflectors in a trough configuration to concentrate sunlight up to____ times onto a fluid-filled tube positioned along the line of focus.
100
3 similarities between electricity and magnetism.
-Both Create a force that can act in vacuum
-Can be either attracted or repulsed
-Both inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two charges or poles
Ohms Law
V=IR
I=V/R
Why do We transfer electricity at such High Voltages
Because the higher the voltage the lower the current. Lower current lower power loss squared
This is when the sun light strikes certain metals electrons are excited/emitted.?
The Photoelectric Effect.
In Hydro what types of turbines are good for high flow/ low head? What types are good for High Head/low flow?
Reaction Turbines
-High Flow/low head
Impulse
-High Head/low Flow
Why isnt Tidal better explored? 2 reasons
Material Cost
Highly Corrosive.
This motor takes in electrical energy and creates mechanical energy
Electric Motor
This motor takes in mechanical energy and produces electrical energy
Mechanical engine
-Generator
This type of doping uses Boron and it creates space 4 electrons. It is missing electrons making it positive
P-Type semiconductor
This Semiconductor is doped in Phosphorus giving it extra electrons. this is known as ?
N-type Semiconductor
To increase voltage wire things in ?
to increase voltage wire things in SERIES
To increase Current Wire things?
To increase Current wire in Parallel.
The sun converts ______ tons of Hydrogen to helium every second
650 million
Radiation come in 2 different ways
Wave/Particle. Briefly describe each.
Wave- Frequency. Higher=more energy
Particle- Photons=tine particles of energy
Solar Energy can be split into 2 main purpuses
Direct electricity via PV
Heating
Break down the word Photovoltaic to its roots
Photo=? Voltaic=?
Photo=Light
Voltaic=Electricity
It goes Cell, ____, ______
Cell, Module, Array
What Causes Wind
Sun heats earth non uniformly-
Poles get less, Equator Gets More
Creates Convection Current
Bernoullis Equation in basic terms
In a moving fluid stream the higher the velocity the lower the pressure and vise-versa
This is a mechanism that faces the wind turbine directly into the wind
Yaw
This mechanism turns the rotor out of the wind to protect it
Furling
Why 3 blades? Why not 1 or 2
Not 1-Mechanical integrity
Not 2- High pressure on blade up high, low pressure on lower blade, inbalanced and stressed.
Rankin Cycle
Working Fluid?
Open/Closed?
Typical Efficiency?
Best Efficiency?
TH?
Water/Steam
Closed
30-35%
44%
1050degrees F
Brayton Cycle (Gas Turbine Engine)
Working Fluid?
Open/Closed?
Typical Efficiency?
Best Efficiency?
Th?
Air/Air + Combustion Products
Open
33-35%
40%
2700Degress F
Combined Rankin/Brayton Cycle
Working Fluid?
Open/closed
Typical Efficiency?
Best Efficiency?
Both Open/closed
50-55%
60%
Wind energy is what type of blade and why?
Reaction Blade because it acts on Bernoullis Equation
2 types of Concentration SOlar
Point Focus= Parabolic Dish/Power Tower x1000
Line Focus= Parabolic Troughx50
stirling engine has ___ pistons called the ____ piston and the _____ pistons
2 pistons
Power Piston
Displacement Piston
3interactions between electricity and Magnetism
-An electricla current produces a magnetic field
-A moving charged particle can experience a force in a magnetic field
-A wire moved in a magnetic field has a podtential difference across its ends