pharm 5 set 2

• stimulate the use of energy
• - oxygen consumption and heat production
• Stimulate the heat
• - oxy demand and cardiac output
• Promote growth and development
• - brain, C/PNS, skeletal muscle

• A= Myxedema
• C= Cretinism

• Decreased metab. rate
• pale puffy face, cold skin, brittle hair, weight gain, dec. HR, fatique, lethargy

Hypothyroid

• Converted into T3 (active form) in the body
• Accelerates the degrad of Vit K
• Interacts w/ many drugs and food
• BRAND NAME is best

Hypothyroid

• Short 1/2 life
• Twice daily use
• used as an additive to Synthroid regiment when needed

• hypothyroid
• Increase in all metab rates

Exopthalmos --> only in Graves

oral glucocorticoids - stop immune process

• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid storm
• Excessive levels causing seizures, coma, death

• will really increase metab rate
• Load up with Potassium Iodine or Iodide Salts on theory that too much will shut the thyroid down

Hyperthyroid

• blocks T3/4 production
• Tx for 6-12 months, then stop
• Used in conjunction with Beta Blockers --> block thyroid symptoms
• agranulocytosis

required for T3 and T4 production

• low= decrease production
•  = Thyroid gland increases in size - Goiter

• high= causes decreased iodine uptake
•  = suppression of synthesis and production of hormones

Hyperthyroid

• radioactive isotope taken up byt he thyroid
• Not toxic to other tissues

can become Hypothyroid

Anterior Pituitary

stim= secretes Growth Hormone Release Hormone

inhib= secretes Somatostatin

stim= Hypoglycemia, fasting, starvation, stress

inhib= inc. glucose levels, free fatty acids, obesity, cortisol

• control growth
• -protein and carb metab
• - increase bld glucose

• proportionally small stature
• only Tx is GH

• GH replacement
• diabeticgenic - causes significant Hyperglycemia

• reconstitute in a vial
• -no shaking
• -IM injection
• -given 6 days, none on 7th of week

puberty excess of GH

Surgical removal of pituitary

• adult excess of GH
• need radiation

• used for acromegaly
• analog of somatostatin (GH inhib)

also used for Intractable Diarrhea

used for acromegaly

GH receptor antagonist

• kidney disease
• liver disease
• cancer

Anti-diuretic Hormone

• Used for Diabetes Insepidus
• Reabsorbs H2O in kidney tubules

nasal administration

• antidiuretic hormone
• causes smooth ms contraction (vasoconstrict)

uses= gi bleed, support circulation shock or arrest, similar to Epi in emergency situation

SE= tissue ischemia or necrosis, inc. cardiac workload

• needed for Calcium reasorption from bone
• Activates Vit. D
• Decreases Ca++ excretion

800-1000u/day

increases GI absorption, promotes reabsorp from bone, & dec. excretion

Must be activated via sunlight, bile, or renal action

• used in ca++ control
• decreases plasma levels
• inhibits reasorp from bone
• inc. ca++ excretion

• Some foods (spinach) decrease Ca++ absorp
• Glucocorticoids  increase Ca++ excretetion and decrease GI absrop

• increases neuromuscular exitability
• -spasms, tetany, convulsions

caused from deficiency of PTH, Vit. D, or calcium

• IV saline, promote urination --> for life threatening situation
• Give calcitonin --> dec. mobilization from bone
• Eat bran --> dec. intestinal absorption
• can use diuretics --> increase Ca+ excretion

• Chelating agent that binds ca+ in the blood
• used for sever hypercalcemia

• binding increases excretion
• rapid reduction of serum ca+
• -can result in profound hypocalcemia
• used as anti-coag in blood drawing tubes

Bisphosphonate used for osteaporosis

absorbed by osteoclasts, decreasing their activity

• Taken on empty stomach, swallow whole, full glass h2o, and sit up for 30 minutes after
• -avoid esophagitis

SERMS and osteoporosis 

• estrogen effects some tissue
• - preserves bone density, lowers cholesterol, pro-coagulant

• Anti-estrogran effects in others
• - prevents cancer in breast and endometrium

men can take Fosamax