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Factors that affect Process Selection?
- 1. Forecasting
- 2. Products & Service design
- 3. Technological change
- 4. Capacity planning
- 5. Facilities & Equipment
- 6. Layout
- 7. Work design
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Factors to consider when deciding to make or buy components?
- 1. Available capacity
- 2. Expertise
- 3. Quality consideration
- 4. The nature of demand
- 5. Cost
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List 5 Process types?
- 1. Job Shops (small runs)
- 2. Batch Processing
- 3. Repetitive/Assembly (semicontinuous)
- 4. Continuous Process
- 5. Projects (nonroutine jobs)
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This process type is low volume, high variety, high flexibility?
Job Shop
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This process is moderate volume, moderate variety, moderate flexibility?
Batch
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This process is High Volume, Low Variety, Low Flexibility?
Repetitive Assembly
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This process is very high volume, very low variety, very low flexibility?
Continuous Flow
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Describe Job Shop?
Examples of Process?
Examples of Goods & Services?
Competitive Advantages?
- Customized good or services
- Machine Shop, Beauty Shop
- Specialty tools, Hair Styling
- Quality (performance) & Flexibilty
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Describe Batch?
Examples of Process?
Examples of Goods & Services?
Competitive Advantages?
- Semi-standard goods or services
- Bakery, Classroom
- Cookies, education
- Moderate cost & flexibility
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Describe Repetitive/Assembly?
Examples of Process?
Examples of Goods & Services?
Competitive Advantages?
- Standardized goods or services
- Assembly line, cafeteria line
- Automotive line, car wash
- Low unit cost, Dependability
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Describe Continuous?
Examples of Process?
Examples of Goods & Services?
Competitive Advantages?
- Highly standardized goods or services
- Steel Mill, Sugar refinery
- Steel, Paper, Power
- Low Price, Quality (conformance)
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Describe Layout?
Layout is the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system.
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Three basic layout types?
- 1. Product Layouts
- 2. Process Layouts
- 3. Fixed-Position
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Describe Product Layout and which processes use it?
- Product Layout uses standardized processing operation to achieve smooth, rapid, high volume flow.
- Line
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Describe Process Layout and which processes use it?
- Process layout can handle varied processing requirements.
- Job Shop or Batch (ex: hospital)
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Describe Fixed-Position Layout and process that uses it?
- Fixed Position is a layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed.
- Project! Ex: Building or freeway
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Importance of Layout Decisions?
- 1. Requires substantial investments of money and effort
- 2. Involves long-term commitments
- 3. Has significant impact on cost and efficiency of short-term operations
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Eight things that cause a need for layout decisions?
- 1. Inefficient operations
- 2. Changes in the design of products or services
- 3. The introduction of new products or services
- 4. Accidents/Safety hazards
- 5. Changes in environmental or other legal requirements
- 6. Changes in volume of output or mix of products
- 7. Changes in methods and equipment
- 8. Morale problems
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Layout Formats?
- 1. Group Technology Layout
- 2. Just-In-Time Layouts
- -May be assembly-line or
- -Group Technology formats
- 3. Fixed Position Layout
- -eg Shipbuilding
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Cellular Layouts include?
- 1. Cellular Manufacturing
- 2. Group Technology
- 3. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
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The advantage of Cellular Layouts?
- They retain flexibility in the process and gain economies of scale.
- Ex: Lazyboy Case
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Explain Cellular Manufacturing?
Layout in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements.
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Explain Group Technology Layout?
The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics.
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A Flow Line for Production or Service?
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A U-Shaped Production Line looks like?
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Adavantages of U-Shaped Production Line?
- 1. Shorter distance
- 2. Workers can alternate tasks
- 3. Shipping & Receiving can be in 1 place
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Describe Process Layout?
- Departmentalized process where work travels to dedicated process centers
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Cellular Manufacturing Layout?
- Part families are based on Group Technology
- -minimizes material movement
- -efficient, but still flexible
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Line Balancing?
is the process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements.
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Cycle Time?
is the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit.
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Determine maximum Output?
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