what is another word for taking someones vital signs
list examples of this physical assessment
cardinal signs
body temp
pulse
respiration
blood pressure
where is body temperature controlled by
changes in the bodys temperature occur when
hypothalamus in the brain
fluctuation of 2-3 degrees
what are some factors that can cause a change in a body temperature
Hormone levels
Physical activity
Disease
Injury
Environment
Time of day
Age
Weight
what is the normal bosy temperature for an adult child and infant
adult 97.8-99
child 97.8-98.6
infant 99-99.7
patient whose body temp rises above normal limits is called what
pyrexia
what is abnormally high fever
hyperpyrexia
a persone with a body temp below normal limit is called what
hypothermia
what are the four areas of the body to measure temperature
oral (under tongue)
tympanic (ear)
rectum
axiallry
what is an aural thermometer
thermometer that goes into the ear that reads close to the tympanic membrane
never leave a patient with what kind of thermometer in place
rectum or axillary
when is it not appropriate to take an oral temperatiure
after a person drinks a hot or cold beverage
what method of temperature testing is noninvasive
axiallary temperature
pulse is recorded as _____
bpm
what are the nine locations to measure a pulse
Apical: apex of the heart (heard with a stethoscope)
Radial: at the wrist at the base of the thumb
Carotid: neck
Femoral: groin
Popliteal: posterior knee
Temporal: front of ear
Dorsalis Pedis: top of foot
Posterior Tibial: inner side of ankle
Brachial: groove of elbow
what are the average pulse rates of an adult child and infant
Adult: 60 to 90 bpm
Child: 90 to 100 bpm
Infant: 120 bpm
what is tachycardia
abnormal rapid heart rate over 100 bpm
which pulse is most accessible on adults
what is bradycardia
radial pulse
abnormally slow heart rate below 60 bpm
when taking a pulse what finger should we not use
what is the routine regimen for taking radial pulse
not use your thumb
count pulse for 15 sec and multiply it by 4
when taking an apical pulse of the heart what must be used
stethoscope
what are the avg baseline respiration rates for child infant adult
Adult: 15 to 20 bpm
Child (1 to 10 years): 20 to 30 bpm
Infant (under 1 year): 30 to 60 bpm
respirations are quiet and effortless
how do we assess respiration
The patient is in seated or supine position for assessment of other vital signs.
Observe the chest wall for symmetry of movement
Observe skin color – cyanosis
Count the number of times the patient’s chest rises and falls one full minute.
The patient should not be aware that respirations are being counted as they may alter their normal pattern of breathing.
what happens if a patients respiration is fewer than 10 bpm
Cyanosis
Apprehension
Restlessness
Change in level of consciousness, (supply of oxygen is inadequate to meet the needs of body)
what is dyspnea
when a patient is using more than normal effort to breath
what is hyperventilation
what is a solution
is when a patient breathes too much oxygen and exhaled too much carbon dioxide, which disturbs the chemical imbalance of the blood
Persuade them to breathe slower or breathe into a paper bag, which will help return their carbon dioxide level to normal
what position do we place a patient in for respiratory distress
fowlers position
what is the top and bottom number of blood pressure measures
The top number is the systolic pressure and is a measure of the amount of blood flow ejected from the left ventricle of the heart.
The bottom number is the diastolic pressure, and indicates the amount of resistance the blood meets due to systemic vascular resistance.
what are other factors that change the blood pressure
Age- As a person ages , the blood pressure usually increases as the body systems that control blood pressure deteriorates.
Weight
Temperature
Disease
Exercise
Stress
what are the normal ranges of blood pressure in the 3
Adult
Systolic: 110 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 60 to 80 mm Hg
Adolescent
Systolic: 85 to 130 mm Hg
Diastolic: 45 to 85 mm Hg
Child
Systolic: 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 50 to 70 mm Hg
women have higher blood presure than men
false
which person generally has higher blood pressure
infants
what is hypertensive or high blood pressure moderate degree of hypertension can cause gradual damage to what organs
Systolic blood pressure is consistently over 140 mm Hg
Diastolic blood pressure is consistently over 90 mm Hg
the heart, brain and kidneys
what is hypotensive
A systolic BP of less than 90 mmHg and diastolic pressure of less than 50 mmHg indicates hypotension (abnormally low blood pressure). Hypotension can occur when a patient is in shock from burns, bleeding, vomiting or heat exhaustion. It is a result of a decrease in total blood volume.
what are the two types of sphygmomanometer
Mercury manometer (most accurate)
Aneroid manometer
what is a sphygmomanometer
how should you determine the BP cuff
blood pressure cuff
on patients size
how should we take bp
Equipment needed include a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope placed over the brachial artery pulse in the antecubital space
Patient should be sitting upright with arm reclined and supported.
Sleeves should be rolled up with no tight clothing around the arm.
Room should be quiet to facilitate hearing the pulse.
The bladder, bell, and ear pieces should cleansed with alcohol before and after each use.
what is oxygen therapy
what is hypoxemia
what is hypoxia
is to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work.
Hypoxemia: When the level of oxygen in the arterial blood becomes inadequate to meet the patient’s physiological needs
describes a state of oxygen deficiency at the tissue level.
what monitor is used to measure oxygen saturation in the hemoglobin
pulse oximetry
is oxygen a drug and can it be given freely to patients
yes
and must be prescribed by physicians order
what can cause patients with copd to stop breathing
excessive amounts of oxygen
is oxygen highly combustible
yes
list other breathing systems
Transtracheal
Mechanical ventilators (respirators)
Oxygen tent
Home oxygen delivery system
Oxygen delivery equipment for the imaging department