_______________ : the more closely together in space or time two items occur, the more likely the association.
Contiguity
______________: thought of one conept often leads to the thought of a similar concept.
SIMILARITY
____________: an item often leads to the thought of its opposite.
Contrast
According to James Mills, When two or more simple sensations are repleatedly presented together, a product of union may produce a ______________.
Complex Idea
According to James Mills, When Complex Ideas combine they form ___________.
Duplex Ideas
Name Thomas Brown's NINE Secondary Principles of Association:
1. length of time
2. liveliness
3. frequency
4. recently
5. Free from Strong Associations
6. Constitutional Differences
7. Emotional State
8. State of the Body
9. Prior Habits
He used nonsense syllables in his memory experiments.
He proposed the concept of savings
He confermed Brown's Secondary Principles of Association
Backward Association
Savings
Ebbinghaus
What are some of Ebbinghaus' Major Findings:
1. Correlation b/w list length and study time
2. Overlearning: Repetitions strengthens the association
3. The forgetting curve
4. Association strength dependent upon proximity
5. The concept of Backward Association
Specialized cells that transmit information
neurons
The neuron consists of: (Name the Parts of The Neuron)
1. Cell Body
2. nucleous
3. Dendrites
4. Axons
5. Axon Terminal
the part of the neuron that contains the nucleous, which regulates the basic metabolic functions of the cell
cell body
A long, branch like part of a neuron that transmits electrical pulses, or action potentials, when the neuron is stimulated
Axon
enlarged structures at the ends of the axon that release chemical transmitters that stimulate the dendrites of other neurons.
Axon Terminals
the three major components of a neuron are:
Cell body
Dendrites
Axons
The ______________ regulates the basic metabilic fuctions of a neuron
nucleous
___________ are a branchlike structure on the receptive side of a neuron that is sensitive to transmitters released by the axon terminals of other neurons
Dendrites
Both the ____________ and the _____________ are receptive to chemicals called transmitters that are released by other neurons.
Dendrites, Cell Body
These Transmitters produce ___________ and _________ in the postsynaptic cell
excitation, inhibition
True or False
A neuron's firing rate reflects the combined influences of all its excitatory and inhibitory inputs.
TRUE
___________ are specialized neurons designed to break down incomming stimuli into simple sensations.
(it responds to sensory stimuli, either from internal bodily sensations such as muscle tension and balance)
RECEPTORS
Name Five Types of Receptors:
1. Tactile
2. Taste
3. Auditory
4. Olfactory
5. Visual
True or False
Very Specialized Neurons in our body are able to pick up shapes, angles, and degrees.
TRUE
What are the three theories of Learning?
1. Chemichal Changes
2. Growth of New Synapses
3. Growth of New Neurons
True or False
Previous researchers believed no new neurons appeared after infancy
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE
Stidies have NOT found new neurons in adult monkeys
FALSE
True or False
There is some evidence that clinical depression may be associated with low levels of neurogenesis.
TRUE
_______________ is highly involved in learning.
The Cerebral Cortex
______________ is the growth of new neurons:
Neurogenesis
____________ is the branching of Dendrites.
Arborization
Continuing to practice a response after performance is apparently perfect, which often results in stronger or more accurate performance in a delayed test:
This term came from Ebbinghaus' Studies....
