Proprioception

• from receptors inthe muscles, skin and joints and uses these sensory inputs to 
• 1. determine where our limbs are in space
• 2. determine the amplitude and velocity of limb movements

muscle receptors are an efficient source of info for proprioception, but the receptors in the skin and joints also contribute

• as-sound
• vs-balance
• vis-vision
• cs-taste and smell

• head movements which is used by the nervous system to:
• 1. Help control balance through the generation of postural reflexes that keep the head erect (jumping)
• 2. see clearly while moving by keeping the eye pointed toward a desired target (walking)
• 3. facilitate spatial orientation by signaling the direction of gravity and keeping track of short-distance changes in position (somersault)
• 4. prepare for fight or flight in an emergency (getting ready to go if need be)

• taste
• smell
• common chemical sense (irritation)