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FECKOAPUSH
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Berlin Blockade
- The Yalta conference had split Germany between the French, English, Americans, and the Russians
- Also split Berlin into four territories - deep within the Russian zone of Germany
- Western Allies and the USSR had differing ideas on how Germany should be rebuilt - Russians attempted to drive the Western nations out of Berlin by cutting off their access to supplies
- Closed roads around Berlin, and then refused to allow supplies into East Germany to reach Berlin
- Berlin Airlift moved over two million tons of food and supplies by plane
- Several solutions were proposed to the problem, including muscling into Berlin by force - feared that this could spark a war with Russia, used airlift instead
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NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- United States, Canada, other Western European countries
- An attack on any of the countries would be treated as an attack on all
- First peacetime alliance in US history
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Warsaw Pact
- Direct response to NATO
- Russia allied with other Soviet nations
- Same principle as NATO - if one is attacked, all respond
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Thomas Dewey
- Republican candidate 1948 against Truman
- Governor from New York
- Bipartisan platform
- Runningmate was Earl Warren
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Earl Warren
- Governor from California
- Thomas Dewey's runningmate
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Dixiecrats
- States' rights democrats
- Condemned civil rights - pro segregation
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Strom Thurmond
- Dixiecrat from South Carolina
- Entered 1948 presidential race against Dewey and Truman
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HUAC
- House Un-american Activities Committee
- McCarthyism/red scare
- Held trials of famous actors/public icons that were accused of communism
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Alger Hiss
- Whittaker Chambers - self admitted communist, writer for Time Magazine
- Turned in Alger Hiss to have political immunity
- Gave pumpkin papers - film/handwritten evidence against Alger Hiss
- Evidence only enough for perjury
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Red Scare
- Widespread fear of communism and Soviet spies in the 1950's
- McCarthyism
- HUAC
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Klaus Fuchs
- Member of Manhattan Project
- Known Communist spy
- Gave USSR nuclear technology secrets
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Mao Zedong
- Leader of Chinese Communist Party
- Took power from Chiang Kai-shek in 1949
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Chiang Kai-shek
- Leader of China until 1949
- Driven back to Taiwan by Chinese Communist Party (led by Mao Zedong)
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Joseph McCarthy
- Senator from Wisconsin
- Greatly elevated red scare - played off of people's fear of communism to gain political power
- Claimed to have a list of communist spies in state department
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McCarran Security Act
- Required Communist or Communist-front organizations to register with Attorney General and provide membership lists/financial records
- Included groups suspected of harboring communists
- Gave president power to round up and detain any suspected communists indefinitely
- Truman vetoed, but Congress overrode
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McCarran Walter Act
- Immigration law which had a quota system favoring Northern/Western Europe
- Immigrants had to take loyalty oaths and could be deported even after becoming citizens if they were suspected of communist activities
- Truman vetoed, but Congress overrode
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
- Accused of sharing bomb secrets with USSR
- Arrested and executed
- Caused outrage among many citizens - believed they weren't actually guilty
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Syngman Rhee
- President of Republic of Korea
- Recognized by US, Truman, Eisenhower
- Wins 1948, 1952, 1956 elections
- Corruption - purge opponents
- Won election 1960 by voter fraud
- Anti-government demonstrations weren’t enough to throw him out
- Resigns 1960, exiled to hawaii
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Douglas MacArthur
- War hero
- Had command of US forces in Japan
- Brilliant military commander
- Spoke out against Truman's military decisions, possibly jeopardizing US position in Korea
- Fired by Truman because of this
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Kim Il Sung
- North Korean Candidate
- Refuses to take part in election
- USSR recognizes
- President of Democratic People’s Republic
- Eliminate opponents
- USSR military and political consultants
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38th Parallel
- Division line between North/South Korea
- Demilitarized Zone
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Inchon
- The landing of UN troops, by General Douglas MacArthur, behind enemy lines at Inchon in Korea.
- Goal was to push back the North Korean troops.
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Matthew Ridgway
- Army Vice chief of Staff
- Assumed command after MacArthur was fired
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