The extent to which there are consequences attached to carrying out responsibilities
Responsibility
Duties and obligations of responsibility center
Budget Variance
The difference between what was planned (budgeted) and what was achieved (actual)
Flexible Budget
A budget that accommodates a range or multiple levels of activities
Revenue Rate Variance
The difference between the revenues forecast in the flexible budget and those actually earned
Revenue volume variance
The difference between the revenues forecast in the original budget and those in the flexible budget
Expense volume variance
Difference between the expenses forecast in the original budget and those in the flexible budget
Expense Cost Variance
Difference between the variable expenses forecast in the flexible budget and those actually incurred
Cost Containment
Not spending more than is budgeted in the expense budget
Investment centers
Organizational units that have all the responsibilities of a traditional profit center and are responsible for return on investment
Revenue Attainment
Earning the amount of revenue budget
Cost Avoidance
Finding new ways to run a business that eliminate certain classes of costs
Revenue Enhancement
Finding supplemental sources of revenue
Administrative Cost Centers
Support clinical cost centers and the organization as a whole
Often considered the infrastructure of the organization
Clinical cost centers
Cost centers that are responsible for providing health care related services to clients, patients, or enrollees
Production cost centers
Cost centers that are responsible for producing or selling products (or both)
Cost Center
Most common type of responsibility center
Responsibility for providing services and controlling their costs
Capitated profit centers
Responsible for earning a profit by agreeing to take care of defined health care needs of a population for a per member fee
example: HMO's
Traditional Profit centers
Responsible for earning a profit by providing health care services (selling goods or services)
Example: women's and children's services
Service Centers
Most basic type of responsibility center
Primary responsible for ensuring that services are provided to a population in a manner that meets the volume and quality requirements of the organization
Responsibility Center
An organization unit that has been formally given the responsibility to carry out one or more tasks, to achieve one or more outcomes, or both
Profit Centers
Responsible for controlling costs and earning revenues
Decentralization
The degree of dispersion of responsibility within a health care organization
Transfer Prices
Prices for products or services that are charged internally to other organizational units
Administrative Profit Centers
Do not provide health care related services but are responsible for their profit
Two types: Those who sell their services internally and those whose primary responsibility is to bring revenues into the organization