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What is perception?
Compare information and infer the meaning of what had just been sensed.
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What is Sensory integration?
compare what comes in with what is already there.
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What is proprioception?
internal monitoring of body and limb positions.
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What is adaptation?
Diminished responsiveness to non-changing stimulation.
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Why is adaptation important?
Allows for an update of information when a new signal comes in.
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What is kinethesis
the continuous monitoring of movements.
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What is information channeling?
Each sensory receptor has a specialized channel for that sense.
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What is the retina?
Detects and processes information, it is the primary sensory receptor for sight.
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How is the eye similar to the camera?
It sees the image inverted and reduced in size.
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What are image focusing units?
Cornea, lens, pupil, iris
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What is accommodation?
change in lens and pupil to focus
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What is myopia?
Near sightedness. lens too fat
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What is hyperopia?
Far sightedness. Lens to thin.
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What are cones?
they are photoreceptor cells that respond to color.
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What are rods?
they are photorecpetor cells that respond to brightness.
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What is the macula lutea?
area in the retina with the highest image resolution. It contains many cones.
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What is the fovea?
A depression in the macula full of only cones.
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What is macular degeneration?
A disease that loses cones causing a black spot in the middle of the eye.
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What is retinitis pigmentosa?
A genetic disease that loses rods. Causing loss of peripheral vision.
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what is presbyopia?
loss of vision.
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What is the part of the retina that reflects light?
Pigment epithelium.
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What do bipolar cells in the eye do?
they carry on the graded potential from the cone or rod to the ganglion cell.
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What do ganglion cells do?
they take the graded potential and create an action potential.
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What do amacrine and horizontal cells do?
they are inhibitory cells that restricts the spread of signals.
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What is the visual field?
region of the visual world that is seen by the eyes.
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What is the receptive field?
region of visual world that stimulates a receptor cell or neuron.
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Does the nasal or temporal side of vision dessucate?
Nasal
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What colors do cones see?
red, blue, green
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Where does decussation in vision occur?
the optic chiasm
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Where is the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) located?
Thalamus
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What is the magno cellular division of the lgn for? How many layers does it have?
movement and location. 2
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What is the parvocellular division of the lgn for? How many layers does it have?
details and color. 4
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What is the superior colliculi used for in vision?
Usually from rods used to orient the body spatially , detects movement.
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What is the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) used for in vision?
uses light for internal rhythms.
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What is the extraocular muscle/ motor nerve nuclei used for?
Eye movements.
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What layers of the lgn does nasal path go to?
1,4,6
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What layers of the lgn does the temporal path go through?
2,3,5
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What does the visual cortex do?
processes color, shape, motion information received from retina via thalamic nuclei relays
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How many layers the the visual cortex have? How is it set up?
It has 6 layers running horizontal. It has many vertical columns going through the layers.
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