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soft connective tissue within a tooth
pulp
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tissue within a tooth which is formed by fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells, which differentiate into blood vessels and nerve tissue
pulp
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which layer of the pulp continues to grow?
out layer which contains odontoblast, the odontoblastic layer.
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what kind of pulp carries the nerve and blood supply fr the apex of the root to the pulp chamber
radicular pulp
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the cell-free zone aka the subodontoblastic plexus under the odontoblastic layer is also called
plexus of Raschkow
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lump of calcified tissue sometimes known as a pulp stone
denticle
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what's the difference between a true and false denticle?
true denticle show traces of odontoblast (dentin)
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what type of cells form dentin?
odontoblast
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the beginning of dentinogenesis starts with the odontoblast secreting what?
predentin (which eventually mineralizes into dentin)
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layer formation of the dentinal matrix
apposition
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where do odontoblast start forming dentin?
at the DEJ (dental-enamel junction) and developes inward towards the pulp
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layer of dentin closest to the DEJ is called the
mantle dentin
-contains heavy coarse collagen fibers called Korff's fibers.
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heayv coarse collagen fibers which extend from fibroblasts towards the inner enamel epithelium, forming bundles that make up the dentin matrix
Korff's fibers
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what color is secondary dentin?
black
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irregular, secondary dentin which forms in response to pathological stimuli
reactive, reparative, or tertiary dentin
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dentin matrix that forms imperfectly between calcified globules under the DEJ
Interglobular dentin
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dentin found between the dentinal tubules
intertubular dentin
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more calcified form of dentin, which forms in repsonse to stimuli after the roots are complete
secondary dentin
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when dentinal tubules calcify to produce translucency
sclerotic or transparent dentin
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dentin matrix that forms imperfect globules found under the CEJ
Tome's granular layer
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tiny tunnels odontoblasts leave behind
odontoblastic processes also called dentinal tubules which transmit sensitivity
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darker incremental lines in mature dentin
Imbrication lines of von Ebner
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difference between primary S-shaped curves and secondary S-shaped curves.
- primary S-shaped curves are larger and reflects the movement of crowded odontoblasts
- Secondary S-shaped curve is a smaller S, seen in the length of the enamel.
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true denticles form during
root formation
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false denticles develop during
pulp degeneration
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dentin:
__% inorganic
__% organic
__% water
- 70% inorganic
- 18% organic
- 12% water
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enamel:__% inorganic__% organic__% water
- 95% inorganic
- 1% organic
- 4% water
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how many ameloblast does it take to make 1 enamel rod?
4
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where does enamel originate?
ameloblasts
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where does ameloblasts of the inner enamel epithelium (which makes enamel) originate?
ectodermal tissue
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finger-like projection of ameloblast during the secretory phase of amelogenesis
Tomes' process
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Apposition of enamel begins where?
at the incisal/occlusal surface
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enamel rodes or prisms that makeup the crystalline structure of enmale are dictated by....?
Tomes' process
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grooves associated with the lines of Retzius
perkymata
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bands that indicate gradual change in enamel production
lines of Rerzius
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areas of weakened enamel that were not totally calcified
Enamel lamellae
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What are enamel spindles?
when dentin production by odontoblasts cross over into enamel before enamel has a chance to mature
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weakened areas of partially calcified enamel that extendfrom the DEJ to a short distance in the enamel
Enamel tuft
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reduced enamel epithelium (REE)
occurs when the secretory phase of amelogenesis creases and ameloblasts shrink fr columnar to cuboidal cells to become a thin layer covering enamel. it includes ameloblasts and stratum intermedium layers. REE can become part of Nasmyth's membrane which can stain green on newly erupted teeth
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deficient amount of enamel. harder content but thinner matrix layer, so it yellow-dark brown. enamel appears pitted. caused by trauma, high fever, or too much fluoride.
enamel hypoplasia
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defect in the mineralization of formed enamel matrix. soft under-calcified enamel that is yellow-dark brown
enamel hypocalcification.
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is fluorosis a form of enamel hypocalcification or enamel hypoplasia?
enamel hypoplasia.
hypoplasia is harder. hypocalcification is soft.
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calcified connective tissue covering root of tooth
cementum
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cementum
what percent inorganc, organic, and water?
- 65% inorganic
- 23% organic
- 12% water
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what portion of development developes into cementum?
mesenchyme -> dental sac -> (cementoblast produces) cementum
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shape of the root is determined by
Hertwig's root sheath
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What generates Hertwig's rooth sheath?
cervical loop of the enamel organ
-
a mode of attachment for a tooth to the periodontal ligament
Sharpey's fibers
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a thin layer of cementum which forms slowly over the coronal protion of root and does not contain any embedded cementocytes
Acellular cementum
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cementum which is deposited at the apical portion of the root at a rapid rate and in layers. also contains embedded cementocytes
cellular cementum
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cementum abnormalities:
cemental spurs
cementicles
hypercementosis or cemental hyperplasia
- cemental spurs: found new CEJ are excessive symmetrical masses of cementum
- cementicles: small abnormal calcified masses found in the periodontal liament
- hypercementosis or cemental hyperplasia: excessive build up of secondary cementum on the root surface. commonly occurs on apical 2/3 of root.
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tooth most likely to have a lingual pit
lateral max incisor
-
longest tooth in the mouth, also considered the cornerstone
max canine
-
age of eruption of maxillary central incisor
7-8
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age of eruption of maxillary lateral incisors
8-9
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age of eruption of maxillary canine
11-12
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age of eruption of maxillary first premolar
10-11
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maxillary tooth with a prominent concavity on the mesial aspect but not the distal...aka development depression. also has bifurcated roots
maxillary first premolar
-
age of eruption of max second premolar
10-12
-
which maxillary premolar has no concavity
the second premolar
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the last succedaneous tooth to erupt is
the maxillary canine
-
largest tooth in max arch
first molar
-
first permenant tooth to erupt in the max arch
first molar (6 yrs)
-
age of eruption of maxillary first molar
6 yrs
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where is the cusp of Carabelli found?
fifth lobe on the mesiolingual cusp
-
occlusal view: rhomboid shape with an oblique ridge that is uninterrupted by a central groove
roots: 3 roots. lingual is the longest. mesio and distobuccal are more curved
max first molar
-
occlusal view: four cusp. rhomboid but can be heart-shaped.
max second molar.
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age of eruption of maxillary second molar
12
-
most anomalies of all permanent teeth
max third molar
-
age of eruption of max third molar
18-25
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mandibular canine has two developmental depressions
mesial and distal
-
anterior tooth with greatest tendency to have a bifurcated root
mandibular canine
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tooth with Y U or H pattern depending on cusp number
man sec premolar
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which root is longer on the man first molar?
mesial
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what age is best to place sealants?
6 years (6 yr molars), first grade
-
missing teeth due to missing tooth germs
Anodontia
-
hereditary condition of enamel hypoplasia
Amelogenesis imperfecta
-
Amelogenesis imperfecta scale
- Type 1: yellow-brown color. radiographically, absent or thin on cusps tips
- Type 2: enamel is hypocalcified, low mineralization. enamel may fracture. yellow-orange brown color. Radiographically, appears normal, with enamel and dentin having similar density, but enamel looks "moth-eaten"
- Type 3: hypomatured. opaque and porous. enamel is normal thickness but softer. can be white at occulsal third.
- Type 4: related to taurodontism, hypomatured or hypoplastic enamel. enamel is thin or has pits on facial surfaces and is white-yellow o brown. radiographically, enamel appears normal to slightly more radioopaque than dentin with large pulp chambers
-
dens evaginatus
an accessory cusp typically found on mandibular premolars
(don't confuse with dens invaginatus which is like dens in dente)
-
cause by congenital sphyillus
hutchinson's incisors (screw-driver/bell shaped teeth) and mulberry molars (poor cust development)
-
periodontia consist of
PACG
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
- cementum
- gingiva
-
cortical and trabecular bone, which is seen radiographically?
trabecular
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trabecular bone is also called..
cancellous or spongy bone
-
alveolar bone forms over what kind of bone?
basal bone
-
corticol bone is found..
covering facial and lingual aspect of teeth, not seen in radiographs
-
trabecular bone is found...
- between teeth and between the roots.
- between teeth: interdental septum
- between roots: interradicular septum
-
alveolar bone splits into...
alveolar bone proper and supporting alveolar bone
- alveolar bone proper forms the inner tooth socket
- supporting alveolar bone surrounds and supports alvolar bone proper
-
alveolar bone proper is also know as
cribriform plate
function: lines the inner tooth socket
-
radioraphically the cribiform plate or alveolar bone proper is seen as..
lamina dura
-
where do Sharpey's fibers embed to support the perio ligament of tooth?
bundle bone contained in alveolar bone proper
-
the alveolar crest is _____ mm apical to CEJ
1.5-2.0 mm
-
what attaches cementum to alveolar bone?
periodontal ligament
-
alveolodental ligaments include:
alveolar crest fibers
apical fibers
horizontal fibers
interradicular fibers
oblique fibers
- alveolar crest fibers: from cementum, below the CEJ obliquely to alveolar crest bone
- apical fibers: fr cementum of root tip to alveolar bone proper
- horizontal fibers: extends horizontally fr cementum to alveolar bone
- interradicular fibers: extends from root of one tooth to another root of same tooth, no bone
- oblique fibers: fr alveolar bone to cementum in apical direction.
-
what is the main mode of attachment of the perio ligament?
oblique fibers
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centric relation vs centric occlusion
- centric relation is when the condyle of man. are in the upmost n rearmost location in articular fossa of temporomandibular joint
- centric occlusion is ideal relation of teeth
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