Midterm Review

Services that cannot be contracted out to private sectors

• Law Enforcement (NYPD)
• Fire Protection (FDNY)
• Infrastructure (DDC/DOT)
• Water/Sewer (DEP)
• Sanitation (Dep of Sanitation)
• Emergency Management (OEM)

The Preamble of the Constitution

• 1. To form a more perfect union
•     peaceful union
• 2. To establish justice
•     judicial system
• 3. To insure domestic tranquility
•     military; department of defense
• 4. To provide for the common defense
•    law enforcement
• 5. To promote the general welfare
•     social services
• 6. To secure the blessings of liberty
•     14th amendment; equal protection clause 

Used to decide what is most important and who gets what proportion

Attempt by government to address a public issue by instituting laws, regulations and procedures to resolve problems at hand

Development, implementation and study of government

• Did they break rules/laws?
• What is their employment status?
• What kind of discipline can you take?

• Provisional employees are not guaranteed protection.
• Must take an exam, pass it and be taken off an eligible list to be civil servant.
• Only civil servants have a permanent title

The right to be heard

A goal that cannot be achieved and impossible to establish an end result to.

• *Eliminating crime
• *Eliminating traffic fatalities
• *Ensuring that every HS student graduates

A goal that can be measured, attained, realistic and timely

• *Installing traffic lights at every intersection
• *Supplying each public school kid with a textbook
• *Having a lifeguard at every pool

If the social contract involves active conflict.

Natural state of humans

A contract that a child enters with their parent until they are of age. Parent is legally responsible for child

• Rights a person has upon entering social contract.
• Cannot be given away.

Life, Liberty, and Property

In a state of emergency

A service that can be contracted out

• Parks (Parks Dep)
• Libraries (NYPL)
• Hospitals (HHC)
• Education (DOE)
• Housing (HUD/NYCHA)
• Employment
• Employment

• Afforded to you by the Bill of Rights
• Can be temporarily suspended
• Can be gotten back by way of petition to the state

• Right to assembly
• Freedom of Speech
• Right to bear arms
• Protection from unwarranted search & seizures

Humans agree to live together in Harmony for mutual benefit

Acceptance of restrictions of certain liberties

Assumptions of certain duties

Is used to decide what is most importatn and who gets what proportion

The process of systematically relating expenditure of funds to the accomplishment of planned objectives

A review of programs or services to determine what programs or services should be initaited and which should be expanded or curtailed

Planning- Budget prep with established goals and objectives

Management- Programming of approved goals, resources, staffing & unit's functions

Control Process- Standard operating procedure & audit functions

Budget based upon the relationship between program funding levels & expected results from the program.

Pro: Can improve performance b/c high-performing departments will continue to get funds.

• Con: Fails to answer questions such as "what types of services are best suited for the program?"

Expenses or costs of the prior year are not taken into account. All expenses must be justified.

Pros: Helps identify areas of wasteful expenditures

Con: Can be problematic for deprartment with intangible outputs. Is time consuming

A conventional budget that gives detailed costs of every activity or program that is to be carried out

Pros: Simple & detailed; lays out the costs to run a program & what goes into those costs

Con: Can take years to make sure there is sufficient funding available to maintain budget

A technique of economic evaluation which values both cost and benefit in monetary terms.

Necessary when dealing with public funds

• *OATH (Office of Administrative Trial & Hearing)
•         Administrative Judge can bring back employee or can decide to terminate

• *Step process (Arbitration/Grievance Process)
•        3 steps allowed
•        Only the employee can appeal a decision, not an agency