Memory psychology

Any chemical substance that alters the physiological processes behind psychological events

need more of substance

body/ liver increases production of enzymes and metabolizes the drug faster

Neurons become less sensitive to the presence of the drug and respond slower

Body adapts to the presence of the drug so function is not impaired as much

Discomfort and distress (even death) when not using

Caffeine, Nicotine, and Alcohol

• Cannabis
• Inhalants 
• *gasoline, model glue, paint thinner, compressed air.

1. Stimulates, depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.

• Increase the activity of the central nervous system 
• *Coffee, Nocotine, Amphetamine, and Cocaine

• Lower the activity in the CNS
• *Alcohol, Barbiturates- sleeping pills

• Used to reduce pain, induce relaxed mood 
• *Herion

• Cause changes in perception, mood alteration 
• *marijuna

• Relatively Permanent change 
• Knowledge or behavior 
• Based on experience

classic conditioning

Learning that occurs when a stimuli and response are paired in space and time and become associated with each other

A stimulus that elicits an automatic response

A response  to the UCS that is unlearned and automatic

A stimulus that typically elicits no response

The learned response that becomes automatically linked to CS

• Acquisition- Initial Learning 
• Extinction- removal of UCS to remove CR

• 1. Stages 
• 2. Time 
• 3. Strength 
• 4. Exposures

Learning that occurs when an animal/ human makes a change in the environment that has consequences

a desirable stimuli that is given after a behavior on order to increase that behavior

An aversive stimuli is removed after a given behavior in order to increase that behavior

The removal of a desired stimulus after a behavior occurs in order to decrease that behavior

the introduction of an aversive stimulus after a behavior occurs in order to decrease that behavior

To increase or decrease a behavior, a reinforcement need not to be given all the time or right after the behavior

Reinforcement based on number of times that desired behavior has occurred.

Reinforcement every time the behavior occurs. Tends to weaken response over time

• 1. Sensory memory 
• 2. Short term memory/ Working memory 
• 3. Long term memory

• 1. Explicit 
• 2. Implicit

over time we simply lose the information

-Retroactive

Old information interferes with retrieval of old.

New memories interfere with retrieval of old.

you can remember if you really want to

extreme short term storage of visual and auditory information.

visual, lasts for up to 1 second

Auditory lasts for up to 2 seconds

Tip of the tongue- you can recall the details of the item, but not the item itself

forgetting occurs because you are not in the environment the info was learned in

20-25%

• Interview mislead 
• State of mind 
• Intoxication 
• Lineup style

• 1. Psychoanalytic 
• 2. Trait 
• 3. Humanistic 
• 4. Socio- cognitive

• Unconscious motivations influence personality 
• *sex
• *Pleasure seeking 
• *Aggression

our actions are due to unconscious conflicts between desires and societies rules

Unconscious psychic energy, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive instincts, operates on the pleasure principle

Our conscience/ party unconscious, operates on morality principles, sets standards right vs. wrong.

• Conscious part of personality 
• Mediates conflicts between the id and superego 
• Operates on the reality principle delays gratification of id impulses

• Conflicts of id and superego produce anxiety 
• Defense mechanisms reduce anxiety distorting reality

• 1. Emotional stability 
• 2. Extraversion 
• 3. Openness 
• 4. Agreeableness 
• 5. Conscientiousness

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests developed to identify emotional disorders

• "Nothing in the newspaper interests me except the comics" 
• "I get angry sometimes"

• Self concept 
• Ideal Self 
• Real self

• One's perception of oneself "Who am I?" 
• your idea of who are

the self I would like to be

the way you really are (including the parts you don't acknowledge

• Social influences (other people)
• Cognitive influences 
• the choices we make show are personality

• Mental health (depression)
• self- fulfilling prophecy