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what is the part of the foot that is facing the ground called?
plantar surface
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what is the part of the foot that is facing superiorly called?
dorsum
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what is the deep fascia of the foot called?
plantar fascia
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what does the plantar fascia do? (3)
-holds foot together
-helps to protect the plantar surface
-helps to support the arches of foot
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which is the only muscle that is on the dorsum side of the foot?
extendor digitorum brevis
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which nerve inenrvates the muscle on the dorsum side of the foot?
deep fibular nerve
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extensor digitorum brevis) origin (2)
upper and lateral sides of calcaneus
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extensor digitorum brevis) inserts (2)
- -base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
- *extensor hallucis brevis
-remaining toes in the extensor expansion hood 2-5
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extensor digitorum brevis) innervated
deep fibular nerve
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extensor digitorum brevis) action
extend toes 1-4
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whats the tendon/muscle to the big toe called? (extensor digitorum brevis)
extensor hallucis brevis
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what are the 3 muscles on the first layer?
-abductor hallucis
-flexor digitorum brevis
-abductor digiti minimi
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what are the 2 muscles on the second layer?
-quadratus plantae
-lumbricles
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what are the 3 muscles on the 3rd layer?
-flexor hallucis brevis
-adductor hallucis
-flexor digiti minimi brevis
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which 2 muscles are on the 4th layer?
-plantar interrosei
-dorsal interrossei
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whcih 2 nerves does the tibia nerve divide into as it innervated the foot?
-medial plantar nerve
-lateral plantar nerve
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whcih 2 groups does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
-superficial
-medial muscles
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which 2 groups of muscles does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
lateral
deep muscles
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abductor hallucis) origin (2)
-medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
-flexor retinaculum
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abductor hallucis) inserts
- -base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
- *it combines with the tendon of flexor hallucis brevis
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abductor hallucis) innervated
medial plantar nerve
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abductor hallucis) action (2)
-abducts the toe
- flexes the toe
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where does the abductor hallucis lie in the foot?
along the medial border of the foot
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flexor digitorum brevis) origin
medial process of tuberosity of calcaneous
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flexor digitorum brevis) inserts
lateral sides of middle phalanges 2-5
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flexor digitorum brevis) innervatd
medial plantar nerve
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flexor digitorum brevis) actions
assists in flexing toes
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which muscle biforcates in order to let a muscle go through to the distal phalanges?
flexor digitorum brevis
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abductor digiti minimi) origin
tuberosity of calcaneous
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abductor digiti minimi) inserts
lateral side of the proximal phalanx of small toe
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abductor digiti minimi) innervated
lateral plantar nerve
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abductor digiti minimi) action (2)
-abducts and
-flexes the small toe
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where does the abductor digiti minimi lie on the foot?
lateral border of the foot
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(quadratus plantae-flexor accessorius) origin (2)
medial and lateral sides of calcaneus
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(quadratus plantae-flexor accessorius) inserts
tendon of flexor digitorum longus in midsole
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(quadratus plantae-flexor accessorius)innervated
lateral plantar nerve
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(quadratus plantae-flexor accessorius) action
straightens out the oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus
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lumbricals) origin
medial side of tendon flexor digitorum longus
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lumbricals) inserts
medials side of the extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of 2-5
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lumbricals) inervated (2)
-first lumbrical: medial plantar nerve
-3-5 lumbricals: lateral plantar nerve
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lumbricals) action (2)
-flex the proximal interphallengeal joints
-extend the middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
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flexor hallucis brevis) orgin
-cuboid and lateral cuneiform
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flexor hallucis brevis) inserts
base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
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flexor hallucis brevis) innervated
medial plantar nerve
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flexor hallucis brevis) action
helps to flex the proximal phalanx of the big toe
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whcih tendon separates the flexor hallucis brevis?
tendon of the flexor hallucis longus
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how many heads does the flexor hallucis brevis have?
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adductor hallucis) Oblique head- origin (2)
-base of the metatarsal 2-4
-fibularis longus tendon sheath
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adductor hallucis) Oblique head- insert
lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
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adductor hallucis) Oblique head- innervated?
lateral plantar nerve
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adductor hallucis) Oblique head- action (2)
-helps to adduct the great toe
-flexing the great toe
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adductor hallucis) transverse head- origin
off the metatarsal transverse ligament of the toes
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adductor hallucis) transvers head- insert
lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
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adductor hallucis) transvers head- action (3)
-helps to adduct the great toe
-flex the great toe\
-helps maintain transverse arch of the foot
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what muscle is medial to the abductor digiti minimi?
flexor digiti minimi brevis
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flexor digiti minimi brevis) origin (2)
-base of the 5th metatarsal
-shaft of the fibularis tendon
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flexor digiti minimi brevis) inserts
- -lateral side of the proximal phalanx of little toe
- *its tendons fuses with adductor digiti minimi
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flexor digiti minimi brevis) innervated
lateral plantar nerve
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flexor digiti minimi brevis) action
help to flex the little toe
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plantar interossei) origin
off the base and medial sides of metatarsals 3,4,5
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plantar interossei) inserts
medial side of the base of proximal phalanges 3,4,5
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plantar interossei) innervated
lateral plantar nerve
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plantar interossei) action (3)
-adducts the toes 3,4,5 toward the axis (second toe)
-flex the proximal toes
-extend the middle, distal phalanges 3,4,5
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dorsal interossei) origin
bipennate muscles attaching to adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
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dorsal interossei) insert (2)
-proximal phalanx of both sides of second toe
-lateral side of the 3rd and 4th
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dorsal interossei) innervated
lateral plantar nerve
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dorsal interossei) action (3)
-abducts the toes away from axis
-flex proximal phalanx
-extend of middle and distal phalanx of 2,3,4
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