Med Terms ch 7

arterial blood gas

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

chest x-ray

pulmonary embolism

peak expiratory flow rate

peak flow

pulmonary function testing

tuberculosis

upper respiratory infection

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose

pharyngeal tonsil

excision of the adenoids

thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

INABILITY to breath

• ABG
• analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases

• panting
• obstructive pulmonary disease caused by spas of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane 
• characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cought

• collapse of lung tissue (aveoli) 
• atele= imperfect
• ectasis= expansion/dilation

• to listen
• physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of the stethoscope

slow breathing

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

progressively smaller tubular branches or airways

inflammation the bronchi

drug that dilates the muscle walls of the bronchi

use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

method of artificial respiration and chest compressions to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart have stopped

degenerate and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance

• CXR
• x-ray imaging of the chest to visualize the lungs
• directional terms identify the path of the x-ray beam to produce the radiograph

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move the mucous cell secretions upward

• CPAP
• use of a device with a mask that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages
• commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

• popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli
• occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis (ex Rales)

• INFLAMMATION of the UPPER AIRWAYS with SWELLING
• creates a FUNNEL-SHAPED ELONGATION of TISSUE causes a distinct "SEAL BARK" cough 
• aka laryngotracheobronchitis LTB

bluish coloration of the skin caused by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

• inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and the digestive tract
• mucus that obstructs the airways lead to infection, inflammation, and damage to lung tissue

muscular partition that separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration

HOARSNESS

DIFFICULTY  breathing

• obstructive pulmonary disease characterized byover-expansion  of the alveoli w/ air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loos of lung elasticity and gas exchange
• emphysan = to inflate

examination inside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes

passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs (ex: oxygen, anesthetics, or air)

a lid like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

NOSEBLEED

drug that BREAKS UP MUCUS and PROMOTES COUGHING

COUGHING up and SPITTING our of materials from the LUNGS

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

bony anterior (front) portion of the palate

• coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs 
• ptysis = to spit

• excessive level of CO₂ in the blood
• capno= smoke
• carbo= coal
• hypercarbnia

excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs causing HYPOCAPNIA

• deficient level of CO₂ in the blood
• hypocarbia

• deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs
• causes hypercapnia

deficient amount of OXYGEN in the blood

inflammation of the larynx

spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

• voice box
• passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea 
• contains the vocal chords

removal of a lobe of a lung

subdivision of the lung, with 2 on the LEFT and 3 on the RIGHT

• 2 spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage
• responsible for respiration

• 2 part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of ventilation or perfusion  (blood flow) mad
• 1. after radioactive material is injected in the pts blood
• 2. as the pt breathes radioactive material into the airways
• comparison of the 2 scans indicate whether an abnormality exists in the airways or the pulmonary circulation 
• ex: V/Q scan-ventilation-perfusion scan

mechanical breathing using ventilator

partition that separates the thorax into 2 compartments (containing the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

thin sheet of tissue that line respiratory passage and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid

• structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract
• house the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

ability to breathe only in an UPRIGHT position

• roof of the mouth
• partition between the oral and nasal cavities
• divided into the hard and soft palate

functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that preform respiration

PEFR measure of the fasted flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

• PF 
• measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

physical examination method of tapping the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity, such as the chest

inflammation of the pharynx

• throat
• passageway for food to the esophagus and for air to the larynx

membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)

potential space btwn the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

inflammation of the pleura

CHRONIC RESTRICTIVE pulmonary disease resulting from PROLONGED INHALATION of FINE DUSTS, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone

pneumonia caused by the pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for HIV

inflammation in the lung resulting from INFECTION BY BACTERIA, VIRUSES, FUNGI, or PARASITES or FROM ASPIRATION of CHEMICALS

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli, and eventually, flooding into the alveoli

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

direct and indirect measurement of lung volumes and capacities

density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process

• diseased caused b y the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs
• characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions

• popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli
• occurs in disorders such as brochiectasis or atelectasis
• crackles

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

• thin, watery discharge from the nose 
• runny nose

• HIGH-PITCHED, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrow airway
• occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema 
• wheezes

2 primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs

air-filled spaces in the skull into the nasal cavity

inflammation of the sinuses

periods of breathing cessation (10 sec or more) that occur during sleep, often resulting in soring

muscular posterior (back) portion of the palate

direct measurement of LUNG VOLUME and CAPACITY

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

fast breathing

puncture for aspiration of the chest (pleural cavity)

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

• oval lymphatic tissue on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion
• palatine tonsils

• windpipe
• passageway for air from the larynx during swallowing to prevent flood from entering the airway

creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube

incision into the trachea

• URI
• infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

• small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate 
• name for its grape like shape

• HIGH-PITCHED
• musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway
• occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
• ronchi