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How Many Bones in Adult Human Body
206
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Diaphysis
-shaft of long bone
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Epiphyses
-articular ends of long bones
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What Bones are Long Bones
- -clavicle
- -all arm, leg, hand and foot bones EXCEPT carpals, tarsals and patellae
- -long bones are made of dense cortical bone with open medullary cavity
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What Bones are Short Bones
- -carpals, tarsals, patellae
- -made up of cancellous (spongy) bone
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Sesamoid Bone
- -short bones that form in areas of friction over joints
- -patellae is the largest sesamoid bone
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What Bones are Flat Bones
-bones of the cranial vault, scapulae, ribs, sternum and ilia
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Superior Sagittal Sinus
-inside the cranial vault where the sagittal suture is(directly along the length of the skull)
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Grooves for the Transverse Sinuses
-located where the occipital bone meets the parietal bones
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Grooves for the Sigmoid Sinus
-almost continuous with the transverse sinus, but go up along temporal bone
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Sella Turcica
- -looks like a saddle
- -located on the sphenoid bone inside the skull
- -looks like where an X is inside the nasal area of the skull
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Coronal Suture
-suture along the top of the skull from temple to temple
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Sagittal Suture
-runs longways down the skull, from eyebrows to neck
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Temporal Lines
-run along the temporal bones and give muscle attachment points
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External Occipital Protuberance
-bump on back of skull, males more pronounced
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3 Nuchal Lines
- -3 lines at the back of the head
- -highest, then superior, then inferior is lowest
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Occipital Condyles
-sack looking things directly beside foramen magnum
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Squamous Portion of Temporal Bone
-part of temporal bone on the side, rather than the bottom of the skull
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Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone
-bottom part of skull DIRECTLY below ear, muscle attachment point
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Tympanic Portion of Temporal Bone
- -the bottom part of the temporal bone (on the underside of the skull)
- -just in front of the external auditory meatus
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External Auditory Meatus
-the external hole for the ear
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Internal Auditory Meatus(i)
-hole inside the skull where the ear bones would be
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Ethmoid Bone
-small bone forming the medial back portion of the eye socket
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Vomer
-very bottom bone in the separation of the nasal cavities
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Alveolar
-thickened part of maxilla that has tooth sockets
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Orbital Surface
-smooth triangular portion that forms the bottom part of the eye socket
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Incisive Foramen
-hole in the front part of palate of maxilla
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Coronoid Process of the Mandible
-front upper portion of the jaw for muscle attachment
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Mandibular Condyle
-back upper portion of the jaw, where the jaw hinges
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Mental Foramina
-holes at the front of the mandible
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Mandibular Canals
-holes inside the jaw at the back that connect with the mental foramina
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Human Dentition
- -2123/2123
- -spatulate incisors
- -reduced canines
- -bicuspid premolars
- -rounded cusps on molars
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Coracoid Process
- -hooked process on clavicle
- -goes to the front
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Acromion Process
- -distal back portion of clavicle
- -extends out over the top of the humerus
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Glenoid Fossa
-socket part of clavicle where the humerus sits
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Greater Tubercle
-lateral muscle attachment point on humerus
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Lesser Tubercle
-towards front and medial head of humerus muscle attachment point
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Trochlea
- -distal part of humerus that interacts with the trochlear notch to form the elbow
- -medial compared to the capitulum
- -goes medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, lateral epicondyle
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Capitulum
- -distal portion of humerus
- -located laterally to trochlea
- -goes medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, lateral epicondyle
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Epicondyle(s)
- -medial and lateral portion of distal portion of humerus
- -goes medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, lateral epicondyle
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Olecranon Process
-part of the ulna that forms the top part of the semilunar(trochlear) notch to form the elbow
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Radial Notch
- -scooped portion of ulna where the radius sits
- -ulna is medial bone of forearm
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Trochlear Notch
- -portion of the ulna that interacts with the trochlea to form the elbow
- -has the olecranon process at the top
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Styloid Process
- -part of both radius and ulna that form the outsides of the wrist
- -ulna has medial styloid
- -radius has lateral styloid
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Bicipital Tubercle
- -aka radial tuberosity
- -just distal to head of radius and on medial side
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Carpals
-8 different wrist bones
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Metacarpals
- -5 on each side
- -long bones in the hand
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Manual Phalanges
- -finger bones
- -proximal, intermediate, and distal
- -14 in total because thumb only has 2
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Greater Trochanter
- -top muscle attachment point on the femur
- -directed laterally and above lesser trochanter
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Lesser Trochanter
- -located lower than greater trochanter and at the posterior side
- -face it to the back to side the femur
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Linea Aspera
- -means rough surface
- -located and runs along the posterior portion of shaft of femur
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Condyle(s)
-the medial and lateral articular distal surfaces of the femur and tibia
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Diaphysis
- -the shaft of a long bone
- -we learned the femur
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Epiphysis
-head and condyles that fuse to the diaphysis to create the femur as we grow/age
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Patella
- -sesamoid bone
- -knee cap
- -formed from friction
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Medial Malleolus
-part of tibia that forms the inside bump of the ankle
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Anterior Crest
-the sharp "edge" of the tibia
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Lateral Malleolus
- -forms lateral side of the ankle "bump"
- -whatever side the fossa is on when held in front of you, that's what side it is from
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Tarsals
- -long bones of the foot
- -5 that lead to toes, talus and calcaneus
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Tarsal
-ankle bone that interacts between tibia/fibula and calcaneus
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Pedal Phalanges
- -proximal, intermediate and distal portions
- -14 because big toe only has 2
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Superior/Inferior Processes
- -facets of the vertebrae that allow spine to interact with other vertebrae
- -if you can see the facets when holding it, then it is in the correct orientation
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How Many Types of Vertebrae are There?
- -7 cervical(includes atlas and axis)
- -12 thoracic (have ribs attached)
- -5 lumbar
- -5 sacral (fused together)
- -3 or 4 coccygeal vertebrae (aka coccyx)
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How Many Ribs do We Have?
- -12 on each side
- -head is where it attaches to spine
- -tubercle is by head where muscle attaches
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Lesser Wings of Sphenoid
- -can be seen from inside skull as "wings" above sella turcica
- -seen from outside it forms the top back part of the orbit
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Zygomatic Processes
- -areas where other bones join the zygomatic bone (can come from temporal bone, or frontal bone)
- -where zygomatic bone joins maxilla is called the maxillary process
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Lambdoid Suture
- -suture at back of head where the parietal bone is joined to the occipital bone
- -looks like greek letter lambda
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Speno-Occipital Synchrondrosis
-on bottom of skull where sphenoid bone meets the occipital bone
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Hypoglossal Canal
-holes that run through the condyles of the bottom of the skull by the foramen magnum
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Petrous Portion
-bottom portion of temporal bone
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Pterygoid Plates
-looking at the bottom of the skull by the palate it is the thin looking curved piece
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Inferior Nasal Conchae
-slightly above hole at very bottom part of nasal passage
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Horizontal Ramus
-horizontal portion of mandible
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Ascending Rami
-part of jaw where it starts to go up from horizontal ramus
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Postorbital Constriction
- -pinching of the skull directly behind the orbits
- -present in later specimens mostly
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Sagittal Keel
- -mostly found in ergaster and heidelbergensis
- -thickening of the bone along the sagittal crest
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Taurodontism
-enlarged pulp cavity inside the actual tooth
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Occipital Bun
- -only found on neanderthals
- -jutting out at back and bottom of skull
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How to side radius
- -flat portion is anterior and the radius is the lateral bone of the forearm
- -look for styloid process and the curve going towards the outside
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How to Side the Clavicle
- -round end towards sternum
- -smooth part on top
- -curves out first then back towards shoulder
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How to Side Fibula
-look for the distal fossa, when holding it in front of you whatever side the fossa is on, thats what side the bone is from
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