Anatomy 1 Forearm and hand muscles

• Brachioradialis
• Supinator
• Pronator Teres
• Flexor Carpi Radiali (FCR) - Has its own passage in the carpal tunnel
• Palmaris Longus
• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• Flexor Pollici Longus (anterior surface of radius)
• Pronator Quadratus

• O: Proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
• I: lateral surface of the distal end of the radius
• N: Radial n. before it divides into deep and superficial
• A: Flexes the Forearm (doesn't act on the hand)

• O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
• I: Lateral posterior and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius
• N: Deep branch of radial n.(The deep branch enters the supinator via the Archade of Froshe, then passes through it via the supinator tunnel)
• A: supinates the forearm

• O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
• I: Middle lateral surface of the radius
• N: Median
• A: Pronates and flexes the forearm

• O: Medial Epicondyle of the humerus
• I: Base of 2nd metacarpal bone
• N: Median n.
• A: Flexes and radial deviates the hand. Radial deviate when cocantraction with extensor carpi radialis occurs

• O: Medial epicondyle
• I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
• N: Median n.
• A: Flexes the hand

• O: Medial epicondyle, corocoid process, anterior border of the radius
• I: Bodies of middle phlanges of the medial 4 digits
• N: Median n
• A: Flexes the middle phlanges of the medial 4 digits, proximal phalanges, and the hand

• O: Medial epicondyle, olecranon, ulna
• I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
• N: Ulnar n
• A: Flexes and ulnar deviates hand when cocontraction with extensor carpi ulnaris occurs.

• O: Prox 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna, and interosseous membrane
• I: Base of distal phalanges of the medial 4 digits
• N: Medial part is ulna, Lateral part is median n.
• A: flexes distal phalanges of the medial 4 digits

• O: Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
• I: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
• N: anterior interosseous n. (branch off of median n)
• A: Flexes the phalanges of the thumb

• O: Distal anterior surface of ulna
• I: Distal, anterior surface of radius
• N: Anterior interosseous n. (branch of the median n)
• A: Pronates the forearm

• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor digitorum communs
• Extensor digiti minimi
• Abductor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis brevis
• Extensor pollici longus
• Extensor indicis

• O: Lat. Epi
• I: Base of 5th Metacarpal
• N: Posterior interosseous (continous with deep radial n.)
• A: Extends the wrist, and ulnar deviates when concontracted with the Flexor carpi ulnaris

• O: Lat. Epi.
• I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
• N: Deep Radial n.
• A: Extends and radial deviates hand

• O: Lateral supracondylar ridge
• I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
• N: Radial n.
• A: Extend and radial deviate hand

The brevis attaches on the lateral epicondyle while the longus actually attaches on the lateral epicondylar ridge, making it longer. The brevis attaches on the 3rd metacarpl, while the longus attaches on the 2nd metacarpal.

• O: Lat. Epi
• I: Extensor Expansions
• N: Posterior Interosseous n (continuos with deep radial n.)
• A: Extends the phalanges of digits 2-5

• O: Ulnar side of extensor digitorum
• I: Extensor expansion of digit 5
• N: Posterior Interosseous n. (continuous with deep radial n.)
• A: Extends the 5th digit

• O: Post surface of middle ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
• I: Base of 1st metacarpal
• N: Posterior Interosseous n
• A: Abducts thumb

• O: Middle 3rd of post surface of radius and interosseous membrane
• I: Base of the proximal phalan of the thumb
• N: Posterior Interrosseous n
• A: Extends the thumb

• O: posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
• I: Extensor digitorum tendon to index finger
• N: Posterior Interrosseous n
• A: Extends the index finger

• Abductor pollicis brevis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• Opponens pollicis

• Abductor digiti minimi
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Opponens digiti minimi

Adductor Pollicis: Oblique head and Transverse Head

• Lubricals
• 1 and 2 median n
• 3 and 4 ulnar n

• Palmar PAD3
• Dorals DAB4

They cause the extension of the phalanges and flexion of the MCP joint

The palmar muscles are the 3 adductor muscles of the hand.

They abuduct the fingers. The Adduct the 3 middle digits. The pollicis has it's own abductors. The abductor poolicis longus that runs on the dorsal for arm, and the abductor pollicics breveis which is the most superficial thenar muscle (others are the flexor policis brevis, and the opponens pollicis). The medial digit (digiti minimi) also has it's own abductor (the abbuctor digiti minimi) It has has the flexor digiti minimi brevis and the opponens digiti minimi

The SCAPHOID

They are synovial hingejoints

Extensor retinaculum. It preventst the extensor muscles from bowing during contraction.

• The Flexor Retinaculum
• It spans from the hook of the hamate and the pisiform to the scaphoid and the trapezium creating a tunnal called the carpal tunnel. Carpal, makes sense!
• The flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus, the Flexor carpi Radialis, the Flexor pollicis longus, TENDONS and the median nerve The ulnar nerve and artery pass through the guyon tunnel.

• The palmar aponeurosis. It provides attachment for the palmaris longus to help flex the wrist. It also serves to protect the tendons and structures in the palm of the hand.
• It spreads from the flexor retinaculum and the heads of the metacarpals then spans into four bands that adhere to the fibrous tissues of the proximal phlanges.

• The three thenar muscles (abductor poolicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis [longus is in the anterior compartment])
• Lumbricals 1 and 2 (3 and 4 are innervated by the ulnar n)
• The lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar supplies the medial half)
• The anterior sensory of the lateral palm and the first 3.5 digits (usually)

• Lumbricals 3 and 4
• Palmar and Dorsal Interosseous
• The Adductor pollicis longus oblique and transverse heads
• The hypothenar muscles (abductor digiti minimi brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponenes digiti minimi
• Sensory for the last 1.5 fingers, anterior and posterior surface

• It deosn't supply motor innervation.
• It does supply the dorasl sensory innervation for the lateral 3 of the palm (no digits)

• I enters by crossing anterior to the lateral epicondyle, between the brachialis and the brachioradialis.
• The brachioradialis is the las nerve it supplies before dividing into the deep and super ficial radial n.
• The deep radial dives into the archade of Froshe and runs through the supinator tunnel.
• It becomes the posterior interosseous n. and passes "posterior" duh, to the interosseous memebrane and innervates many muscles

• the extenosr digitorum communs
• extensor digiti minimi
• Extensor indicies
• Extensor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis brevis
• Abductor pollicis longus
• (so pretty much all the extensors that aren't "carpi radialis" extensors)
• It should end here because it doesn't innervate and of the muscles of the hand.

It runs distally to provide cutaneous and articular innervation of the dorsum of the hand.

The posterior interosseous artery. Which is a branch of the common interosseous artery. Which is a branch of the ulnar artery. Which is a branch of the brachial artery. Which is the continuation of the axillary artery. Which is a continuation of the subclavian arteray.