Subsidence & Soil ND Test 2

solid earth material that has been altered by physical, chemical, and organic sources and supports rooted plant life

any solid earth material that can removed without blasting

• climate
• topography
• parent material
• time
• organic processes

• O horizon
• A horizon
• E horizon
• B horizon
• C horizon
• R horizon

• mostly organic materials
• darker color

• made of mineral and organic materials
• often light black to brown

• light colored materials
• leeching occurs between A and E

known as the zone of accumulation

partially altered parent material

unaltered parent material

• landscape formed from the dissolving of water soluble rocks beneath the surface
• occurs as percolating surface water moves through rock that is easily dissolved

• erosion of underground soil/rock caused by leaking sewer pipes or water manes
• dissolution of carbonate rocks beneath the surface (sink holes)

the sudden collapse of ground to from a depression

• rock salt
• rock gypsum
• limestone
• dolostone
• marble

• sinkhole formation
• groundwater conditions
• melting permafrost
• coastal flooding & loss of wetlands

underground caverns that were once filled with water lose their water and the ground above collapses causing a sinkhole

ground water can become polluted

• roads cave in
• airport runways to fracture
• railroad tracks to buckle
• buildings to crack, tilt or collapse

coastal cities are sinking because of the rising water levels

responsible for damage that costs more than all natural hazards combined