-
Many animal diets include limestone as a mineral supplement because it is a great source of this nutrient (~36% by mass)
calcium
-
Greater concentrations of parathyroid hormone directly cause which of the following responses:
activation of vitamin D
-
This form of phosphorus is poorly available in pigs and chickens, but rumen bacteria help make it available in ruminants.
phytate
-
Name the hormonal form of vitamin D that stimulates active absorption of calcium.
calcitrol
-
Baby pig anemia is a classic sign for a deficiency of this element
iron
-
In the mid-1900s, as we began to raise pigs in confinement, nutrition scientists discovered that this supplementation with this trace mineral was necessary. Parakeratosis is the classic deficiency sign.
zinc
-
One of the first visible signs of severe acute hypocalcemia.
unstable gait or inability to get up
-
A trace mineral supplement contains 0.15% Zn. How many ppm is this?
1500ppm
-
The active ingredient in many rodenticides is a compound that interferes with vitamin K and thus causes death from:
internal hemorrhage
-
Toxicity is a much greater concern than deficiency for this essential nutrient.
-
Little Fifi (a puppy) is spoiled. She is fed only red meat and stays indoors all day. After 6 months, this problem is likely:
rickets
-
Iron deficiency would be most likely if an animal is fed a diet (without supplemention) of all:
milk
-
Potassium deficiency would be most likely if an animal is fed a diet (without supplemention) of all:
corn and soybean meal
-
Most animals should be supplemented with this in Michigan, but a deficiency is less likely in Nebraska or Colorado.
Selenium (Se)
-
Most animals should be supplemented with this regardless of their diet or location.
Sodium (Na)
-
Iodine is usually supplemented to animals and humans, often by its addition to table salt. Why? (3 reasons)
- it is a component of thyroid hormones
- deficiency causes goiter
- deficiency impairs thermoregulation
-
Your mom was right when she said, “Eat your carrots! They are good for your eyes!”, because carrots have a lot of this compound.
beta-carotene
-
This positively-charged electrolyte helps regulate cellular osmolarity and assists in ion transport across cell membranes and is usually found in high concentrations outside the cell:
sodium
-
Why is supplementation with trace minerals and vitamins more important for a lamb fed a high grain diet than an all hay diet?
grain promotes faster growth rate but has fewer micronutrients per energy
-
Antioxidants likely improve health and longevity. A good source is:
- carrots
- tomatoes
- watermelon
- vitamin C
- plants (pigments)
- dark chocolate (procyanidins)
- grapes (proanthocyanidins/resveratrol)
- cranberries (proanthocyanidins)
- red wine (resveratrol)
- tea (catechin)
-
how do vitamin E and selenium function as the "anti-oxidant team"?
- vitamin E prevents formation of lipid peroxides, and selenium is a cofactor in glutathione peroxidase that destroys lipid peroxides once they form.
- (lipid peroxides form cellular free radicals)
-
what are the three anti metabolites to vitamin K?
- dicoumarol
- warfin
- brodifacoum
-
what are the fat soluble vitamins?
-
what is the most bioavalible form of iron and what is a source of it?
heme-iron, animal products (red meat, fish, poultry)
-
what are examples of trace minerals?
- molybdenum (Mo)
- Flourine (F)
- Lead (Pb)
- Argon (Ar)
- Mercury (Hg)
- Cadmium (Cd)
- Zinc (Zn)
-
what are deficiency signs of Selenium
- muscle degeneration: white muscle disease, stiff lamb disease
- liver necrosis
- exudative diathesis
- infertility in ewes
-
what are some toxicity signs of selenium and how can it be fixed?
- alkali disease: blind staggers
- can counteract with arsenic
-
what is a function of iodine?
synthesis of thyroid hormones T3/T4(triiododthyronine/thyroxine)
|
|
