Structure and Function of Organelles

• -          ribosomes on the outside (form polysomes)
• -          ER lumen
• -          cisternae that may be attached to one another
• -          continuous with the nuclear envelope
• -          flattened sheets
• polarity from one end to the other

• -          starting point of the biosynthetic pathway
• -          synthesis of proteins, carbs, and phospholipids that will be destined for export from the cell or remain in other membrane compartments or in the membrane
• storage of antibodies

• -          interconnected tubules
• -          no ribosomes on the outside
• -          connected to RER (this connection allows for diffusion of proteins and lipids between one another)
• contains reticulons (responsible for curvature of SER tubules)

• -          synthesis of phospholipids
• -          synthesis of cholesterol and steroids
• -          synthesis of glycolipids
• -          storage of Calcium ions that leads to contraction upon release
• detoxification of alcohols by oxygenases
• synthesis of bile salts
• processing of glycogen

• -          interconnected with space between them
• -          three regions: cis, medial,and trans, as well as the CGN and TGN
• -          contains different composition from cis to trans
• -          flattened, dislike membranous cisternae with dilated rims and associated vesicles and tubules
• -          curved cisternae: usually 3-7, but some have few or up to several thousand distinct stacks
• trans region is supported by a peripheral membrane skeleton made up of spectrin, ankyrin and actin
• - polar: different faces; 1/2 a micrometer in diameter; tubules around the outside

• -          processing plant (modification of proteins with addition of sulfates, phosphates, carbs, etc.)
• -          assembly of carbohydrate component of glycoproteins and glycolipids
• synthesis of most of a cell’s complex polysaccharides
• - secretion
• membrane transformation
• origin of lysosomes

very simple organelle with two subcompartments: boundary membrane and internal matrix

detox of alcohols

four subcompartments: IMM, OMM, matrix, intermembrane space

• synthesize 10% of their own proteins, but not all
• cell resp

• -          six subcompartments:
• o   thylakoid membrane
• o   thylakoid space
• o   stroma
• o   outer membrane
• o   inner membrane
• intermembrane space

photosynthesis

-          secreted proteins, integral membrane proteins, and souble proteins that remain within compartments of the endomembrane system

-          proteins that will remain in the cytosl, peripheral proteins of the cytosolic surface, proteins destined to the nucleus, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria