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What is nature of pain
pain is universal, but unique
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What is the concept of pain?
- Unpleasant
- Highly personal
- Can be life changing
- Consumes all thoughts
- Physical and Emotional Experience
- Subjective
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what is the nursing role in pain management?
- To Assess the pain
- To develop a plan to relieve the pain
- To provide comfort
- Educate the Patient
- Effective Pain Management is an Important Aspect of Nursing Care
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What are some Causes of Pain?
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Ischemia
- Tissue Necrosis
- Stretching of Tissue
- Chemicals
- Burns
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What affects the pain experience
- Age
- Fatigue
- Genetic Sensitivity
- Cognitive Function
- Prior Experiences
- Anxiety/Fear
- Support Systems
- Culture
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ABCDE
Approach to Assessment
- A-ASK about pain regularly, ASSESS pain systematically
- B-BELIEVE the client and family
- C-CHOOSE appropriate pain control options
- D-Deliver interventions in a timely manner
- E-EMPOWER the client and family
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Pain Assessment Subjective an Objective data
- Location (anatomical landmark)
- Duration (how long)
- Intensity (Strength mild,moderate,severe)
- Etiology (origin)
- everything client tells you is subjective, pain scale is objective
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Pain Threshold
least amount of stimuli that is needed for a person to label a sensation as PAIN
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Pain Tolerance
maximum amount of painful stimuli that a person is willing to withstand without seeking avoidance of the pain or relief
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Postherpetic Neuralgia
treated pain
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fibromyalgia
widespread tender points
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Acute pain
- protective
- temporary
- Usually self-limiting
- resolves with tissue healing
- physiological response; tachycardia, HTN, anxiety, muscle tension, diaphoresis
- Sudden Sharp Pain from skin and mucous membranes
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Chronic Pain
- Not Protective
- Ongoing or reoccurs freq. last > 6 months
- may have no known cause and not respond to interventions
- pain rating is not useful
- Dull Burning or Aching sensation
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Physiological Response Acute Pain vs Chronic Pain
Acute- Increased heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Anxiety diaphoresis muscle tension
Chronic-No VS changes, Body Adapts
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Radiating Pain
perceived at the source of pain and radiates
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Referred Pain
Felt is a body part that is removed from the tissues causing the pain
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intractable
highly resistant to relief
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Neuropathic
- result of current or past damage to the peripheral/CNS.
- Long unpleasant, described as burning, dull and aching
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phantom Pain
painful sensation in a body part that is missing
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Pain Assessment mneumonic
COLDERR
- C-Character
- O-Onset
- L-Location
- D-Duration: (constant or intermittent)
- E-Exacerbation
- R-Relief
- R-Radiation
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