chapter 1-8

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Who discover X rays?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Location where x-rays are produced?

positive anode
location where thermionic emission occurs?

negative cathode
Protons

carry positive electrical charges, whereas neutrons carry no electric charge.
Nucleus

dense core of the atom, is composed of particles know as protons and neutrons
Molecule

Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds or the smallest amount of a substance that possesses its characteristics properties.

Tiny visible particles
The milliamperage range used in dentristry

7-15 MA
the kilovolotage range used in dentistry

65-100 KV
the overall blackness or darkness of a film

Density
the differences in the degree of blackness on a film is

contrast
the dark or black part of a film is said to be

Radiolucent
The electrons travel from

the Cathode to the Anode
Primary Radiation

Radiation that exits the tubehead
Scatter radiation

Radiation that has been defected from its path by interaction with matter
70% of all the xray every produced at the anode

General radiation
secondary radiation

is created when the primary beam interacts with matter

matter includes the soft tissues of the head, bones of the skull and the teeth
What happens after an x-ray exits the tubehead?

when the xray photons arrive at the patient with energies produced:

x-rays can pass through the patient without any interaction

x-ray photons can be completely absorbed by the patient

x-rays photons can be scattered
the light or white part of film is said to be

radiopaque
an X-ray with the very light and very dark areas has

High Contrast
an x-ray with many shades of gray has

low contrast
a higher kilovoltage produces a film with

shades of gray or low contrast
quality of x-ray beam is controlled by

KvP
quantity of the x-ray beam is controlled by

MA
Amperage

is the measurement of the number of electorns moving through a conductor.
Amperes

A
milliamperage

mA
kilovoltage peak

kVp
voltage is measure in

volts (v) or kilovolts (kV)
Recommended size of the bream at the patient face

2.75 inches
measure of the exposure times

impulses
number of impulses in one second

60
a lower kilovoltage produces a film with

black and white areas or high contrast
during xray production, electrons travel from

cathode to anode
the MPD for a occupationally expose person

5 ram per year
xray beam must be perpendicular to tooth and film to minimize

dimensional distortion
distinct outlines of an object on an xray

sharpness
two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

molecules
to increase the penetrating quality of the beam, increase

kVp's
scatter radiation

is produce during all exposures
effects of repeated exposure to radiation

cumulative
the lead foil sheet in the film packet

to protect the film from black scatter
higher kilovoltage produces xrays with

greater energy, shorter wave, length more penetrability
duplication film is never used where

intraorally
restricts the size of the primary beam

collimator
filters are me of

aluminun
primary reason for exposing radiographs is for

diagnosis and detection
how often a patient should have FMS

as determined by pats needs
the collimator is made of

lead
radiation intensity

decrease with increased distance
image on a film before it is processed

intent image
never use a

thyroid collar to protect a patient from extraoral radiography
ALARA

stands for as low as reasonably achivable
dose of radiation the body can endure with little of no chance of injury

MRI
If the PID length is increased

it radiation to the patient
the aluminum filter absorbs

low every rays
bundles of energy

photon

Author

fragile

246140

Card Set

chapter 1-8

Description

review

Updated

2013-11-10T20:41:37Z

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