Chem Chap 10

• it is the force of attraction between atoms (ions) of a particle.

Elements lose, gain or share valence electrons to become stable like noble gases

is formed by the transfer of valence electrons from metal to the non metal

is the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

• Ionic compounds 
• Metal + Non metal

is formed by the sharing of valence electrons between non metallic atoms

are represented as dots around the symbol of an element

• transfer dots to non metals (8)
• metal (charge) non metal in [] (charge outside)
• Formulas ex] CaCl2

• is a pair of electrons shared (involved with bond making) 
•  
• can be single, double or triple

is a pair of electrons not shared (not involved in bond making)

is a bond formed by equal sharing between similar atoms

is a bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons between different kinds of atoms

is the measure of ability of an element to pull the shared pair of electrons toward itself

(smaller size easily attract electrons)

• H-2.1
• C-2.5
• N-3.0
• O-3.5
• F-4.0

Fr-0.8

• Ex] O>N
• N−O  
• ⊕→

0-0.5 ======= Non polar

0.5-2.0 ====== Polar

2.0 and above ===== Ionic

Charge particle consisting of groups of atoms bonded (covalent) together.

Electrons pairs surrounding the central atoms try to spend as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion and there by attain stability

• Polarity of bonds
• Shape of molecules 
• Net dipole moment

Ex] Net dipole for CO2 molecule is zero as it has linear shape and is NON Polar

has a value as bond dipole doesnt (cancel out)

H2O is Polar, bent shape, net dipole has value ≠0

CO2 is Non polar, linear shape, net dipole is zero