Development and Stuff

• the fertilized egg
• it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

the developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

physical and cognitive abnormalities caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas

adapting our current understanding to incorporate new information

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years old) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2-6 or 7 years old) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

the principle (which Piaget believed to be apart of operational concrete reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

people's ideas about their own and others' mental states-- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6-11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning at about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

needed for children to step to higher levels of thinking (e.g. parents, mentors, etc)

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

• the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period by mimicking the moves of adult models
• Children do not imprint, but they do become attached to what they've known

• play comfortably in their mother's presence in strange situation
• distressed when mother leaves
• seeks contact with mother when she returns

• less likely to explore or may even cling to their mother
• when she leaves they either cry loudly and remain upset or seem indifferent when she leaves or returns

• according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
• Said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

our understanding and evaluation of who we are

• parents impose rules and expect obedience
• Those with authoritarian parents tend to have less social skill and self esteem

• parents submit to their children's desires
• make few demands and use little punishment
• Those w/permissive parents ten to be more aggressive and immature

• parents are both demanding and responsive
• Exert control by setting rules and enforcing them, but they also explain reasons for rules and allow open discussion when making rules and allow exceptions

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair

the first menstrual period

• an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve
• occurs to 0.6% of the US

• an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
• occurs to 1% of the US

significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but w/o the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise of bulimia nervosa

• Preconventional Morality
• Conventinoal Morality
• Postconventional Morality

• Before Age 9, morality focuses on self-interest
• Obeys rules to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards

By early adolescence, morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are laws and rules

Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles