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Nervous System Functions
- 1.Sensory Function
- 2.Intergrative Function
- 3. Motor Function
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Sensory Function
- Afferent Neurons
- Sends signals to the CNS via spinal nerves
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Intergrative Function
- Interneurons
- Intergrates sensory information by analyzing and storing it
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Motor Functions
- Efferent Neurons
- Information from the brain and spinal cord is sent out to muscles or glands
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Four major parts of the brain
- cerebrum
- diencephalon
- cerebellum
- brain stem
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Right hemisphere
music, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial abilities
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Left
language, logic, reason
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Lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insula
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Frontal
reasoning, planning, part of speech and movement, emotions, problem solving
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Parietal
perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, pain
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Temporal
perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory
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Occipital
Many aspects of vison
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Insual
Integrates autonomic information, associated to visceral function
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Organization of Cerebellum
- 2 cerebellar hemispheres
- cerebellar cortex(grey matter)
- Arbor Vitae(white matter)
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Major Dural folds
- falx cerebri
- falx cerebelli
- tentorium cerebelli
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Cranial Meninges
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
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Arachnoid Mater
- contains spaces for blood vessels
- Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF
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Pia Mater
thin protective layer of tissue which directly covers nerves and neuroglia
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Primary Motor Area
Location: Precentral gyrus in frontal lobeFunction: Voluntary activation of skeletal muscles
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Primary Somatosensory
Location: Post Central gyrus in parietal lobeFunction: receives sensory impulses from sensory receptors responding to touch, temp and proprioception
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Primary Visual Area
Location: Medial portion of occipital lobeFunction: Nervous signals traveling along the optic nerve provide information about color, shape and movement of visual stimuli
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Primary Auditory Area
Location: Superior portion of temporal lobeFunction: Receives impulses arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve which provide info. on the basic characteristics of sound
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Auditory association Area
Location: Temporal lobe, inferior and posterior to the primary auditory area: typically found on left temporal lobe onlyFunction: interpretation and recognition of sound; determines if sound is speech, music or noise
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Wernike's Area
Location: temporal lobe, posterior to primary audiry area on left lobeFunction: Interprets the meaning of speech
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Broca's area
Location: Frontal lobe, left sideFunction: controls the activity of muscles of the vocal cord to facilitate speech
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Basal Nuclei
- help initiate and terminate movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- regulate muscle tone
- control subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles
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Nucleus
cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS
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Ganglion
is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS
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Tract
bundle of axons in CNS
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Nerve
bundle of axons in PNS
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Epithalamus
- Located: superior and posterior to the thalamus
- 1) Pineal gland- contributes to setting the biological clock
- 2) habenular nuclei- involved in emotional responses to odors
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Thalamus
- Relay station for sensory and motor info
- Crude interpretation of touch, temp, pain, pressure
- Forms walls of 3rd ventricle
- Organized into 7 groups of nuclei
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Hypothalamus
- Controls and integrates the activity of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland
- Controls Homeostasis
- Hypothalamus is the link between the nervous system and endocrine system
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