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antibiotic

chemical produced by one microbe that can harm another microbe
antimicrobial

any agent that can harm microbes
bacteriocidal drug

drugs that kill microbes
bacteriostatic drug

drugs that slow microbe production
chemotherapy

using chemical against invading organisms
selective toxicity

no injury to cell host only target organism
narrow spectrum antibiotics

work only on a few microbes
broad specturm antibiotics

active against a wide variety of microbes
nosocomial infection

infection acquired at hospital
2 ways resistance acquired
- spontaneous mutation
- conjugation
suprainfection

new infection appears during course of treatment for a primary infection
minimum inhibitory concentration

lowest concentration of antibiotic that produces complete inhibition of bacterial growth
minimum bacteriocidal concentration

lowest concentration of drug that kills 99.9% bacterial colonies
kerniterus

sever neurologic disorder caused by displaced billirubin from protein plasma
level of antibiotic at site of infection

4-8 times the MIC
beta lactam

antibiotic that destroy beta lactam ring or wall of bacteria
penicillin G
- bet-lactem
- ADR
- allergies
cephalexin (keflex)
- beta-lactam
- ADR
- bleeding
- allergies
- INTER
- disulfiram
- probenecid
Imipenem (primaxin)
- beta-lactam
- ADR
- allergies
- gastroinstestinal
- suprainfection
vancomycin (vancocin)
- red man syndrome
- ototoxicity
- infusion reaction
tetracycline hydrochloride (sumycin)
- Gastrointestinal
- tooth discoloration
- suprainfection
- INTER
- oral contriceptives
- Milk calcium iron magnesium supplements
Erythromycin (E-mycin)
- bacteriostatic
- ADR
- gastrointestinal
- thrombophlebitis
- INTER
- antihystamines
- theophyline
- warfarin
- carbamazepine
Gentamycin (garamycin)
- ototoxicity
- nephrotoxicity
- neuromuscular blockage
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
bactrim
- folic acid
- stevens-johnson
- blood dyscrasias
- crystalluria
- kernicterus
nitrofurantoin (macrodantin)
- bacteriostatic low dose
- bacteriocidal high dose
- ADR
- GI
- blood dyscrasias
isoniazid (INH)
- antituberculosis drug
- neuropathy
- hepatotoxicity
- INTER
- phenytoin
- alcohol
dapsone (leprosy)
anti-hansens disease
- folic acid
- ADR
- hepatotoxicity
- GI
- INTER
- warfarin
- oral contraceptive
- NNRTI for HIV
acyclovir (zovirax)
- prevents DNA reproduction
- ADR
- phlebitis
- nephrotoxicity
- INTER
- granulocytopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- reproductive toxocity
ciprofloxacin (cipro)
- stop dna replication
- ADR
- GI
- achillies tendon rupture
- suprainfection
- INTER
- warfarin
- theophyline
- milk iron mg dairy
metronidazole (flagyl)
- bacteriocidal anaerobic
- ADR
- metallic taste
- dark urine
- cns symptoms
- INTER
- alochol
- disulfiram
- warfarin
amphoterin B deoxycholate
(fungizone)
- antifungal
- ADR
- infusion reaction
- nephrotoxicity
- hypokalemia
- bone marrow suppresion
ketoconazole (nizarol)
- hepatotoxicity
- ADR
- gynecomastia
- irregular menstral flow
- INTER
- flucytosine
- aminoglycosides
B cells

produce antibodies
Immunosuppressants
- reduce production of B cells and
- cytotoxic T cells CD8
immunostimulant
- boost the immune system
- assist body to kill cancer cells
macrophages and dendritic cells

phagocytosis
cytolytic T lymphocytes
(CD8)

destroy target cells directly and killing microbe
Helper T cells (CD4)
- activate B cells
- delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DTH)
Natural Immunity
innate-native immunity

present at birth
specific acquired immunity

a persons body produce antibodies to protect itself
active acquired immunity
- having the infoection
- admin of vaccine or toxoid
passive acquired immunity
- admin of preformed antibodies
- immunoglobulins
acquired immunity (2)
- active by vaccinations
- passive by immunoglobulins
alt name for antibodies
- immunoglobulins
- gamma globulins
5 classes of antibodies
- IgA
- IgD
- IgE
- IgG
- IgM
antigen

molecules that trigger specific immune response and become targets if those responses
toxoid vacccine

DTaP vaccine
live vaccines
- MMR
- Varicella
- Influenza
- Rotavirus
guillain- barre syndrome
- autoimmune disorder of peripheral nervous system
- caused by flu vaccine
MMR
- local reaction
- ADR
- allergy to eggs gelatin neomycin
Dtap
- encephalopathy 7 days after
- seizure
reyes syndrome

aspirin to kids
tetanus booster

every 10 years
Interferon alfa (interleukin-2)
- stop cancer cells
- ADR
- alopecia
- bone marrow suppresion
- cardiotoxicity
- neurotoxicity
- hypotension
- INTER
cyclosporine
- hepatotoxic
- nephrotoxicity
- grapefruit juice
prednisone
- glucocorticoids
- ADR
- bone loss
- adrenal impariment
- fluid retention
- INTER
- diuretic
- NSAIDs
azathioprine
- cytotoxic drug
- bone marrow depression
- allopurinol
antihistamine
1st generation
- dephenhydramine (benadryl)
- dimenhydrinate (dramimine)
antihistamine
2nd generation
- loratadine (claritin)
- fexofenadine (allegra)
- cetirizine (zyrtec)
chemotherapy agents

anticancer agents to kill cancer cells
antitumor antibiotics

doxorubicin (adrimycin)
breast cancer antibiotic

antiestrogen (tamoxifen)
prostate cancer antibiotic

leuprolide (lupron)
chemotherapy side effects
- alopecia
- bone marrow suppression
- GI discomfort give antiemetic
- extravasation of vesicants
antihistamine
(h1 antagonist)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- fever
- muscular rigidity
- autonomic dysfunction
- altered mental status
steven-johnson syndrome

epidermis detaches from dermis

Author

blkbunny20

24570

Card Set

dmrn108

Description

antimicrobial immune system

Updated

2010-06-27T19:06:24Z

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