The flashcards below were created by user
Anonymous
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
What are the two main types of parasites? And what is the difference between them?
- Protozoa - single celled organisms
- Metazoa - multicellular organisms
-
What are the features of protozoan parasites?
- Unicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Multiply within the host - they are able to increase their numbers within the host
- Short gestation times (days)
- Usually cause acute infections especially in young, old, pregnant and lactating animals
- Can have some chronic infections where the host is never clear of the infection
-
What are the features of metazoan parasites?
- Multicellular
- Rarely multiply in host - infection/disease is dependent on the number of infecting parasites
- Long gestation time (weeks/months)
- Chronic infections are common
- Immunity to metazoan parasites can develop but these parasites are good at suppressing immune responses
-
How are parasites transmitted?
- Directly - infection from environment e.g. water, faeces, soil
- Indirectly - infection from vector e.g. insect, snail, slug (the vector is essential for parasite development)
-
Where the parasite locates in the body depends upon its …?
species
-
Give two examples of blood borne protozoan parasites
- Babesia - RBC parastite. Problem mainly in cattle, dogs and humans
- Leishmania - macrophage parasite. Problem mainly in dogs and humans.
-
What is the vector for Babesia?
Tick vector
-
What disease does Babesia cause?
Sever haemolytic anaemia - the parasite replicates within RBCs causing them to lyse. Upt o 75% of RBCs are destroyed.
-
What prevention and treatment can be used to tackle Babesia?
- Treatment - drug imidocarb
- Prevention - acaracides to kill ticks
-
What condition does Babesia cause in cattle?
Haemoglobinuria (red water fever)
-
What is the vector for Leishmania?
Sandfly
-
What disease does Leishmania cause?
Leishmania replicates in macrophage cells. It causes skin ulcers or hair loss, eczema, fever and enlarged lymph nodes - in sever cases it can be fatal.
-
What is the treatment and prevention for Leishmania?
- Treatment - drug (helpful eh?!)
- Prevention - insecticide to kill sandflies (scalibor collar)
-
What disease does the metazoan filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis cause?
Heartworm - chronic cough, exercise intolerance, cardiovascular dysfunction
-
What is the vector for Dirofilaria immitis?
Mosquito vector
-
What is the location in the host of Dirofilaria immitis?
Adults develop in the right artery of the heart. Larvae circulate in the blood.
-
What is the treatment and prevention for Dirofilaria immitis?
- Treatment - anthelmintic drugs (e.g. ivermectin)
- Prevention - insecticides to kill mosquitos (scalibor collar)
-
What stage of the nematode life cycle is infective to the host?
The L3 stage
|
|