HSCI 003 Chapter 11 Pathologies

Very rapid regular contractions.

Irregular heart beats.

Narrowing of the aorta.

Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth.

Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles.

• Congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects.
• Pulmonary Artery Stenosis, Ventricular Septal Defect, Shift of the aorta to the right, Hypertrophy of the right ventricle.

Chest pain associated with exercise.

Fatty materials on the walls of the arteries.

compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity.

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest.

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. There is Systolic and Diastolic.

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. Can produce legions called vegetations.

High blood pressure affecting the heart.

Improper closure of the mitral valve. It occurs because the valve enlarges and prolapses into the left atrium during systole.

• Extra heart sound, heart between normal beats.
• A bruit is an abnormal sound/murmur heard on asculation.

• Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart. 
• Usually results from a disease somewhere else in the body.

• Causes rheumatic heart disease.
• A childhood heart disease that follows streptococci infection.

• Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.
• Usually caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension or a congenital weakness in the vessel wall.

High blood pressure.

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs.

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in the fingers and toes.

• Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs. 
• Veins that fail to prevent the backflow of blood.

Measurement of BNP (brain neurotic peptide) in blood, which is elevated in heart failure.

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample.

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.

Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels.

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels.

Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart.

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose.

Technetium Tc 99m sestambi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning.

Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle.

Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field.

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery.