Respiratory and GI Pathology

What is the major role of the respiratory system?

What are the two congenital/hereditary diseases?

_________ is a hereditary disease characterized by the secretion of excessively viscous mucus. Most commonly found in children

__________ demonstrates as thickening of bronchioles and mucus filled alveoli.

_____________ One of the most common causes of respiratory stress in a new born. Due to shortage of surfactant that helps lungs maintain surface tension

Appears as a fine granular appearance of the pulmonary parenchyma

An inflammation of the lung that can be caused by various organisms, most commonly bacteria and viruses.

Appears as small patches of consolidation may be seen as pacification's that are scattered throughout the lungs. This is little to no involvement of the airways

Most commonly produced by viral and mycoplasmal infections. The inflammatory process involves predominantly the walls and lining of the alveoli and the supporting structures of the lung

What was an early treatment of TB?

Caused by a rod shaped bacterium with a protective waxy coat. Spreads mainly by droplets in the air

Granular appearance. See enlarged lymph nodes. Pleural effusion is a response.

_____________ includes several conditions in which obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult

_____________ is characterized by excessive tracheobronchial mucus production leading to the obstruction of small airways

___________ refers to the distention of distal air spaces as a result of the destruction of alveolar walls and the obstruction of small airways.

The most common radiographic abnormality in ____________ is a generalized increase in bronchovascular markings (dirty chest) especially in the lower lungs

The major radiographic signs of _______ are related to overinflation, alterations in the pulmonary vasculature, and bullae formation. Diaphragm tends to be barrel chested

____________ is a result of prolonged occupational exposure to certain irritating particulars and can cause severe pulmonary disease. Leads to chronic inflammation which leads to fibrous changes (scar tissue) and dysplasia. Can lead to cancers

_________ may develop in improperly protected workers engaged in manufacturing asbestos products,

The radiographic sign of __________ involves the pleura. Pleural thickening appear as linear plaques of opacification which are often along the lower chest wall and diaphragm.

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space which begins to collapse the lung describes

To see air fluid levels in suspected pleural effusion you would do a decub looking at the side _______

The earliest radiographic finding of __________ visualizes blunting of the costrophrenic angles

What is the best imaging for sinusitis?

____________ refers to a condition in which there is diminished are within the lung associated with reduced lung volume. Most commonly results from bronchial obstructions

What is an important iatrogenic cause of atelectasis?

How can you determine if lung cancer is primary or metastatic?

____________ lung cancer begins in lung (solitary nodule or multiple)

The duodenum has what kind of folds?

The jejunum has has a ________ appearance

What does the large bowel do?

___________ produces insulin in the Ilsets if Langerhaans. The body needs insulin to utilize glucose

What is a common indication for an upper GI and cannot be seen on a static x-ray

GERD is best visualized using _____________. They consist of superficial ulcerations or erosions that appear as streaks or dots of barium.

____________ describes any symptomatic condition or structural changes caused by reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus.

_______________ is a condition related to severe reflux esophagitis in which the normal squamous lining of the lower esophagus is destroyed and replaced by columnar epithelium similar to that of the stomach.

Barrett's esophagus is commonly associated with

Fibrous healing in Barrett's esophagus often leads to

___________ tends to be highly invasive; growing into surrounding tissues and is diagnosed very late

A double contrast barium swallow shows a plaque like lesion, occasionally with central ulceration, that involves one wall of the esophagus describes

____________ are dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus that are most commonly the result of increased pressure in the portal venous system

_____________ appears as a wavy border, thickening of folds, which appear as round or filling defects resembling the beads of a rosary

What is the most common abnormality detected on upper GI exams?

When the stomach has push through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity this is known as

___________may be visualized on static chest x-ray but diagnosis must be confirmed with a barium study

Inflammation of the stomach is termed

_____________ is a group of inflammatory processes involving the stomach and occurs most frequently on the lesser curvature.

What are the major complications of peptic ulcer disease?

An upper GI that displays a wagon wheel appearance is showing a

Stomach cancer presents radiographically as a